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As large language models (LLMs) become integrated into everyday and high-stakes decision-making, they inherit the ambiguity and biases of human language. While they produce fluent and coherent outputs, they rely on statistical pattern…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Rikard Rosenbacke , Carl Rosenbacke , Victor Rosenbacke , Martin McKee

Recent Large Multimodal Models have demonstrated remarkable reasoning capabilities, especially in solving complex mathematical problems and realizing accurate spatial perception. Our key insight is that these emerging abilities can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Weiliang Tang , Dong Jing , Jia-Hui Pan , Zhiwu Lu , Yun-Hui Liu , Li Erran Li , Mingyu Ding , Chi-Wing Fu

One of today's most significant societal challenges is building AI systems whose behaviour, or the behaviour it enables within communities of interacting agents (human and artificial), aligns with human values. To address this challenge, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Nardine Osman , Mark d'Inverno

Readers of applied-domain LLM capability evaluations want to know what AI systems can currently do. That literature answers a related, but consequentially different, question: what older, cheaper, less-elicited models could do months or…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-07 David Gringras , Misha Salahshoor

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have shown remarkable progress in visual understanding in recent years. Yet, they still lag behind human capabilities in specific visual tasks such as counting or relational reasoning. To understand the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Zihan Weng , Lucas Gomez , Taylor Whittington Webb , Pouya Bashivan

Can machines truly think, reason and act in domains like humans? This enduring question continues to shape the pursuit of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). Despite the growing capabilities of models such as GPT-4.5, DeepSeek, Claude…

We challenge the prevailing assumption that complex reasoning in large language models (LLMs) necessitates massive training data. We demonstrate that sophisticated mathematical reasoning can emerge with only a few examples. Specifically,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Yixin Ye , Zhen Huang , Yang Xiao , Ethan Chern , Shijie Xia , Pengfei Liu

While large reasoning models demonstrate strong performance on complex tasks, they lack the ability to adjust reasoning token usage based on task difficulty. This often leads to the "overthinking" problem -- excessive and unnecessary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Siye Wu , Jian Xie , Yikai Zhang , Aili Chen , Kai Zhang , Yu Su , Yanghua Xiao

Models capable of "thinking with images" by dynamically grounding their reasoning in visual evidence represent a major leap in multimodal AI. However, replicating and advancing this ability is non-trivial, with current methods often trapped…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Zhaoyang Wei , Wenchao Ding , Yanchao Hao , Xi Chen

AI models like GPT-5 are an increasingly valuable tool for scientists, but many remain unaware of the capabilities of frontier AI. We present a collection of short case studies in which GPT-5 produced new, concrete steps in ongoing research…

Successful and effective communication between humans and AI relies on a shared experience of the world. By training solely on written text, current language models (LMs) miss the grounded experience of humans in the real-world -- their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Ruibo Liu , Jason Wei , Shixiang Shane Gu , Te-Yen Wu , Soroush Vosoughi , Claire Cui , Denny Zhou , Andrew M. Dai

Large language models (LLMs) excel in natural language generation but often confidently produce incorrect responses, especially in tasks like mathematical reasoning. Chain-of-thought prompting, self-verification, and multi-agent debate are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Mahmood Hegazy

Effective human-AI collaboration hinges on the ability to dynamically integrate the complementary strengths of human experts and AI models across diverse decision contexts. Context-aware weighted combination of human and AI outputs is a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Renlong Jie

Our ultimate goal is to build robust policies for robots that assist people. What makes this hard is that people can behave unexpectedly at test time, potentially interacting with the robot outside its training distribution and leading to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Jerry Zhi-Yang He , Zackory Erickson , Daniel S. Brown , Anca D. Dragan

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate strong potential for automated code generation, yet their ability to iteratively refine solutions using execution feedback remains underexplored. Competitive programming offers an ideal testbed for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Anika Tabassum , Md Sifat Hossain , Md. Fahim Arefin , Tariqul Islam , Tarannum Shaila Zaman

Audio-Visual Intelligence (AVI) has emerged as a central frontier in artificial intelligence, bridging auditory and visual modalities to enable machines that can perceive, generate, and interact in the multimodal real world. In the era of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-06 You Qin , Kai Liu , Shengqiong Wu , Kai Wang , Shijian Deng , Yapeng Tian , Junbin Xiao , Yazhou Xing , Yinghao Ma , Bobo Li , Roger Zimmermann , Lei Cui , Furu Wei , Jiebo Luo , Hao Fei

Agentic AI represents a major shift in how autonomous systems reason, plan, and execute multi-step tasks through the coordination of Large Language Models (LLMs), Vision Language Models (VLMs), tools, and external services. While these…

This paper investigates the mathematical reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) using 50 newly constructed high-school-level word problems. Unlike prior studies that focus solely on answer correctness, we rigorously analyze…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Johan Boye , Birger Moell

This paper introduces the novel task of multimodal puzzle solving, framed within the context of visual question-answering. We present a new dataset, AlgoPuzzleVQA designed to challenge and evaluate the capabilities of multimodal language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Deepanway Ghosal , Vernon Toh Yan Han , Chia Yew Ken , Soujanya Poria

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved impressive progress in perceiving and describing visual environments. However, their ability to proactively reason and act based solely on visual inputs, without explicit textual prompts, remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Daoan Zhang , Pai Liu , Xiaofei Zhou , Yuan Ge , Guangchen Lan , Jing Bi , Christopher Brinton , Ehsan Hoque , Jiebo Luo