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We consider the optimization of a smooth and strongly convex objective using constant step-size stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and study its properties through the prism of Markov chains. We show that, for unbiased gradient estimates…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-25 Ibrahim Merad , Stéphane Gaïffas

We aim to make stochastic gradient descent (SGD) adaptive to (i) the noise $\sigma^2$ in the stochastic gradients and (ii) problem-dependent constants. When minimizing smooth, strongly-convex functions with condition number $\kappa$, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Sharan Vaswani , Benjamin Dubois-Taine , Reza Babanezhad

Optimization under heavy-tailed noise has become popular recently, since it better fits many modern machine learning tasks, as captured by empirical observations. Concretely, instead of a finite second moment on gradient noise, a bounded…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Zijian Liu

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the convergence rates of the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm when applied to overparameterized two-layer neural networks. Our approach combines the Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-07-11 Dinghao Cao , Zheng-Chu Guo , Lei Shi

The stochastic Polyak step size (SPS) has proven to be a promising choice for stochastic gradient descent (SGD), delivering competitive performance relative to state-of-the-art methods on smooth convex and non-convex optimization problems,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-22 Dimitris Oikonomou , Nicolas Loizou

We propose an approach to construction of robust non-Euclidean iterative algorithms for convex composite stochastic optimization based on truncation of stochastic gradients. For such algorithms, we establish sub-Gaussian confidence bounds…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-07-08 Anatoli Juditsky , Alexander Nazin , Arkadi Nemirovsky , Alexandre Tsybakov

Sufficient dimension reduction (SDR) methods, which often rely on class precision matrices, are widely used in supervised statistical classification problems. However, when class-specific sample sizes are small relative to the original…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-25 Derik T. Boonstra , Rakheon Kim , Dean M. Young

Vanishing and exploding gradients are two of the main obstacles in training deep neural networks, especially in capturing long range dependencies in recurrent neural networks~(RNNs). In this paper, we present an efficient parametrization of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Jiong Zhang , Qi Lei , Inderjit S. Dhillon

When training a machine learning model with observational data, it is often encountered that some values are systemically missing. Learning from the incomplete data in which the missingness depends on some covariates may lead to biased…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-24 Kanghoon Lee , Jihye Choi , Moonsu Cha , Jung-Kwon Lee , Taeyoon Kim

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is perhaps the most prevalent optimization method in modern machine learning. Contrary to the empirical practice of sampling from the datasets without replacement and with (possible) reshuffling at each…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-02-08 Xufeng Cai , Cheuk Yin Lin , Jelena Diakonikolas

We study statistical inverse learning in the context of nonlinear inverse problems under random design. Specifically, we address a class of nonlinear problems by employing gradient descent (GD) and stochastic gradient descent (SGD) with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-24 Abhishake , Nicole Mücke , Tapio Helin

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) and its Ruppert-Polyak averaged variant (ASGD) lie at the heart of modern large-scale learning, yet their theoretical properties in high-dimensional settings are rarely understood. In this paper, we provide…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-15 Jiaqi Li , Zhipeng Lou , Johannes Schmidt-Hieber , Wei Biao Wu

Stochastic variance reduced gradient (SVRG) is an accelerated version of stochastic gradient descent based on variance reduction, and is promising for solving large-scale inverse problems. In this work, we analyze SVRG and a regularized…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-18 Bangti Jin , Zehui Zhou

This paper studies a risk minimization problem with decision dependent data distribution. The problem pertains to the performative prediction setting in which a trained model can affect the outcome estimated by the model. Such dependency…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-07 Qiang Li , Hoi-To Wai

Motivated by the problem of online canonical correlation analysis, we propose the \emph{Stochastic Scaled-Gradient Descent} (SSGD) algorithm for minimizing the expectation of a stochastic function over a generic Riemannian manifold. SSGD…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-01-25 Chris Junchi Li , Michael I. Jordan

We derive high-dimensional scaling limits and fluctuations for the online least-squares Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) algorithm by taking the properties of the data generating model explicitly into consideration. Our approach treats the…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-04-05 Krishnakumar Balasubramanian , Promit Ghosal , Ye He

We study stochastic gradient descent (SGD) for composite optimization problems with $N$ sequential operators subject to perturbations in both the forward and backward passes. Unlike classical analyses that treat gradient noise as additive…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-25 Boao Kong , Hengrui Zhang , Kun Yuan

Hogwild! implements asynchronous Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) where multiple threads in parallel access a common repository containing training data, perform SGD iterations and update shared state that represents a jointly learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Marten van Dijk , Nhuong V. Nguyen , Toan N. Nguyen , Lam M. Nguyen , Quoc Tran-Dinh , Phuong Ha Nguyen

Uniform stability is a notion of algorithmic stability that bounds the worst case change in the model output by the algorithm when a single data point in the dataset is replaced. An influential work of Hardt et al. (2016) provides strong…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-15 Raef Bassily , Vitaly Feldman , Cristóbal Guzmán , Kunal Talwar

Tensor decompositions, which represent an $N$-order tensor using approximately $N$ factors of much smaller dimensions, can significantly reduce the number of parameters. This is particularly beneficial for high-order tensors, as the number…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Zhen Qin , Michael B. Wakin , Zhihui Zhu