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We present Im2Flow2Act, a scalable learning framework that enables robots to acquire real-world manipulation skills without the need of real-world robot training data. The key idea behind Im2Flow2Act is to use object flow as the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Mengda Xu , Zhenjia Xu , Yinghao Xu , Cheng Chi , Gordon Wetzstein , Manuela Veloso , Shuran Song

The control of a robot for manipulation tasks generally relies on object detection and pose estimation. An attractive alternative is to learn control policies directly from raw input data. However, this approach is time-consuming and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Changjae Oh , Yik Lung Pang , Andrea Cavallaro

Humans are masters at quickly learning many complex tasks, relying on an approximate understanding of the dynamics of their environments. In much the same way, we would like our learning agents to quickly adapt to new tasks. In this paper,…

Modeling generalized robot control policies poses ongoing challenges for language-guided robot manipulation tasks. Existing methods often struggle to efficiently utilize cross-dataset resources or rely on resource-intensive vision-language…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Wenhui Tan , Bei Liu , Junbo Zhang , Ruihua Song , Jianlong Fu

The use of guidance to steer sampling toward desired outcomes has been widely explored within diffusion models, especially in applications such as image and trajectory generation. However, incorporating guidance during training remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Marvin Alles , Nutan Chen , Patrick van der Smagt , Botond Cseke

Learning from expert demonstrations is a promising approach for training robotic manipulation policies from limited data. However, imitation learning algorithms require a number of design choices ranging from the input modality, training…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Eugenio Chisari , Nick Heppert , Max Argus , Tim Welschehold , Thomas Brox , Abhinav Valada

Generative modeling has recently shown remarkable promise for visuomotor policy learning, enabling flexible and expressive control across diverse embodied AI tasks. However, existing generative policies often struggle with data…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Jianlei Chang , Ruofeng Mei , Wei Ke , Xiangyu Xu

Online planning has proven effective in reinforcement learning (RL) for improving sample efficiency and final performance. However, using planning for environment interaction inevitably introduces a divergence between the collected data and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Guojian Zhan , Likun Wang , Xiangteng Zhang , Jiaxin Gao , Masayoshi Tomizuka , Shengbo Eben Li

Motion generation in cluttered, dense, and dynamic environments is a central topic in robotics, rendered as a multi-objective decision-making problem. Current approaches trade-off between safety and performance. On the one hand, reactive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Kay Hansel , Julen Urain , Jan Peters , Georgia Chalvatzaki

Learning control policies offline from pre-recorded datasets is a promising avenue for solving challenging real-world problems. However, available datasets are typically of mixed quality, with a limited number of the trajectories that we…

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) allows robots to learn from offline datasets without risky exploration. Yet, offline RL's performance often hinges on a brittle trade-off between (1) return maximization, which can push policies outside…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Hokyun Im , Andrey Kolobov , Jianlong Fu , Youngwoon Lee

While behavior cloning with flow/diffusion policies excels at learning complex skills from demonstrations, it remains vulnerable to distributional shift, and standard RL methods struggle to fine-tune these models due to their iterative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Mingyang Sun , Pengxiang Ding , Weinan Zhang , Donglin Wang

We introduce Hindsight Off-policy Options (HO2), a data-efficient option learning algorithm. Given any trajectory, HO2 infers likely option choices and backpropagates through the dynamic programming inference procedure to robustly train all…

Supervised imitation-based approaches are often favored over off-policy reinforcement learning approaches for learning policies offline, since their straightforward optimization objective makes them computationally efficient and stable to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Adam Jelley , Trevor McInroe , Sam Devlin , Amos Storkey

Diffusion models have recently emerged as expressive policy representations for online reinforcement learning (RL). However, their iterative generative processes introduce substantial training and inference overhead. To overcome this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Xiaoyi Dong , Xi Sheryl Zhang , Jian Cheng

Learning long-horizon robotic manipulation requires jointly achieving expressive behavior modeling, real-time inference, and stable execution, which remains challenging for existing generative policies. Diffusion-based approaches offer…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Wu Songwei , Jiang Zhiduo , Sun Wandong , Xie Guanghu , Zhao Rui , Liu Hong , Liu Yang

We present hierarchical policy blending as optimal transport (HiPBOT). HiPBOT hierarchically adjusts the weights of low-level reactive expert policies of different agents by adding a look-ahead planning layer on the parameter space. The…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-13 An T. Le , Kay Hansel , Jan Peters , Georgia Chalvatzaki

Hierarchical policies for language-conditioned manipulation decompose tasks into subgoals, where a high-level planner guides a low-level controller. However, these hierarchical agents often fail because the planner generates subgoals…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Clemence Grislain , Olivier Sigaud , Mohamed Chetouani

Language-conditioned policies allow robots to interpret and execute human instructions. Learning such policies requires a substantial investment with regards to time and compute resources. Still, the resulting controllers are highly…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-12-12 Yifan Zhou , Shubham Sonawani , Mariano Phielipp , Simon Stepputtis , Heni Ben Amor

Humanoid robots could benefit from using their upper bodies for support contacts, enhancing their workspace, stability, and ability to perform contact-rich and pushing tasks. In this paper, we propose a unified approach that combines an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Quentin Rouxel , Andrea Ferrari , Serena Ivaldi , Jean-Baptiste Mouret