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We investigate whether \emph{LLM-based agents} can develop task-oriented communication protocols that differ from standard natural language in collaborative reasoning tasks. Our focus is on two core properties such task-oriented protocols…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Boaz Carmeli , Orr Paradise , Shafi Goldwasser , Yonatan Belinkov , Ron Meir

Vision-language-action (VLA) models achieve strong generalization through large-scale pre-training, but real-world deployment requires expert-level task proficiency in addition to broad generality. Existing post-training approaches for VLA…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are a promising paradigm for generalist robotic manipulation by grounding high-level semantic instructions into executable physical actions. However, prevailing approaches typically adopt a monolithic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Yifei Wei , Linqing Zhong , Yi Liu , Yuxiang Lu , Xindong He , Maoqing Yao , Guanghui Ren

In dynamic open-world environments, autonomous agents often encounter novelties that hinder their ability to find plans to achieve their goals. Specifically, traditional symbolic planners fail to generate plans when the robot's planning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Hong Lu , Pierrick Lorang , Timothy R. Duggan , Jivko Sinapov , Matthias Scheutz

Robotic manipulation faces a significant challenge in generalizing across unseen objects, environments and tasks specified by diverse language instructions. To improve generalization capabilities, recent research has incorporated large…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Shizhe Chen , Ricardo Garcia , Paul Pacaud , Cordelia Schmid

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained popularity in task planning for long-horizon manipulation tasks. To enhance the validity of LLM-generated plans, visual demonstrations and online videos have been widely employed to guide the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Kejia Chen , Zheng Shen , Yue Zhang , Lingyun Chen , Fan Wu , Zhenshan Bing , Sami Haddadin , Alois Knoll

Humans can flexibly interpret and compose different goal specifications, such as language instructions, spatial coordinates, or visual references, when navigating to a destination. In contrast, most existing robotic navigation policies are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Noriaki Hirose , Catherine Glossop , Dhruv Shah , Sergey Levine

Natural language can offer a concise and human-interpretable means of specifying reinforcement learning (RL) tasks. The ability to extract rewards from a language instruction can enable the development of robotic systems that can learn from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Alexey Zakharov , Shimon Whiteson

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown remarkable progress in embodied tasks recently, but most methods process visual observations independently at each timestep. This history-agnostic design treats robot manipulation as a Markov…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Lei Xiao , Jifeng Li , Juntao Gao , Feiyang Ye , Yan Jin , Jingjing Qian , Jing Zhang , Yong Wu , Xiaoyuan Yu

The main novelty of the proposed approach is that it allows a robot to learn an end-to-end policy which can adapt to changes in the environment during execution. While goal conditioning of policies has been studied in the RL literature,…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models promise generalist robot manipulation, but are typically trained and deployed as short-horizon policies that assume the latest observation is sufficient for action reasoning. This assumption breaks in…

Vision-language models (VLMs) pretrained on large-scale multimodal datasets encode rich visual and linguistic knowledge, making them a strong foundation for robotics. Rather than training robotic policies from scratch, recent approaches…

This paper presents a novel framework, called PLANTOR (PLanning with Natural language for Task-Oriented Robots), that integrates Large Language Models (LLMs) with Prolog-based knowledge management and planning for multi-robot tasks. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Enrico Saccon , Ahmet Tikna , Davide De Martini , Edoardo Lamon , Luigi Palopoli , Marco Roveri

Imitation learning for robotic manipulation often suffers from limited generalization and data scarcity, especially in complex, long-horizon tasks. In this work, we introduce a hierarchical framework that leverages code-generating…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Markus Peschl , Pietro Mazzaglia , Daniel Dijkman

Robotic agents must master common sense and long-term sequential decisions to solve daily tasks through natural language instruction. The developments in Large Language Models (LLMs) in natural language processing have inspired efforts to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Yaran Chen , Wenbo Cui , Yuanwen Chen , Mining Tan , Xinyao Zhang , Dongbin Zhao , He Wang

The number of robots deployed in our daily surroundings is ever-increasing. Even in the industrial set-up, the use of coworker robots is increasing rapidly. These cohabitant robots perform various tasks as instructed by co-located human…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Pradip Pramanick , Chayan Sarkar , Indrajit Bhattacharya

The UAV-VLPA* (Visual-Language-Planning-and-Action) system represents a cutting-edge advancement in aerial robotics, designed to enhance communication and operational efficiency for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). By integrating advanced…

Robotic manipulation requires anticipating how the environment evolves in response to actions, yet most existing systems lack this predictive capability, often resulting in errors and inefficiency. While Vision-Language Models (VLMs)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Songen Gu , Yunuo Cai , Tianyu Wang , Simo Wu , Yanwei Fu

Achieving robot transparency is a critical step toward effective human-robot collaboration. To be transparent, a robot's natural language communication must be consistent with its actions and explicitly grounded in the task and environment.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Theodor Wulff , Federico Tavella , Rahul Singh Maharjan , Manith Adikari , Angelo Cangelosi

The realization of intelligent robots, operating autonomously and interacting with other intelligent agents, human or artificial, requires the integration of environment perception, reasoning, and action. Classic Artificial Intelligence…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Kanisorn Sangchai , Methasit Boonpun , Withawin Kraipetchara , Paulo Garcia