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Zeroth-order (ZO) optimization has long been favored for its biological plausibility and its capacity to handle non-differentiable objectives, yet its computational complexity has historically limited its application in deep neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Sansheng Cao , Zhengyu Ma , Yonghong Tian

This paper investigates zeroth-order (ZO) finite-sum composite optimization. Recently, variance reduction techniques have been applied to ZO methods to mitigate the non-vanishing variance of 2-point estimators in constrained/composite…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-09 Silan Zhang , Yujie Tang

Motivated by recent increased interest in optimization algorithms for non-convex optimization in application to training deep neural networks and other optimization problems in data analysis, we give an overview of recent theoretical…

This paper studies stochastic minimization of a finite-sum loss $ F (\mathbf{x}) = \frac{1}{N} \sum_{\xi=1}^N f(\mathbf{x};\xi) $. In many real-world scenarios, the Hessian matrix of such objectives exhibits a low-rank structure on a batch…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-12 Yu Liu , Weibin Peng , Tianyu Wang , Jiajia Yu

We study nonlinear constrained optimization problems in which only function evaluations of the objective and constraints are available. Existing zeroth-order methods rely on noisy gradient and Jacobian surrogates in high dimensions, making…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-03 Runyu Zhang , Gioele Zardini

We consider a step search method for continuous optimization under a stochastic setting where the function values and gradients are available only through inexact probabilistic zeroth- and first-order oracles. Unlike the stochastic gradient…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-03 Billy Jin , Katya Scheinberg , Miaolan Xie

In order to solve the minimization of a nonsmooth convex function, we design an inertial second-order dynamic algorithm, which is obtained by approximating the nonsmooth function by a class of smooth functions. By studying the asymptotic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-12-20 Xin Qu , Wei Bian

We study convex composite optimization problems, where the objective function is given by the sum of a prox-friendly function and a convex function whose subgradients are estimated under heavy-tailed noise. Existing work often employs…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-14 Chuan He , Zhaosong Lu

Online minimization of an unknown convex function over the interval $[0,1]$ is considered under first-order stochastic bandit feedback, which returns a random realization of the gradient of the function at each query point. Without knowing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-21 Sattar Vakili , Sudeep Salgia , Qing Zhao

We consider the problem of minimizing a smooth, Lipschitz, convex function over a compact, convex set using sub-zeroth-order oracles: an oracle that outputs the sign of the directional derivative for a given point and a given direction, an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-03-02 Mustafa O. Karabag , Cyrus Neary , Ufuk Topcu

An algorithm for unconstrained non-convex optimization is described, which does not evaluate the objective function and in which minimization is carried out, at each iteration, within a randomly selected subspace. It is shown that this…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-31 S. Bellavia , S. Gratton , B. Morini , Ph. L. Toint

We study fundamental limits of first-order stochastic optimization in a range of nonconvex settings, including L-smooth functions satisfying Quasar-Convexity (QC), Quadratic Growth (QG), and Restricted Secant Inequalities (RSI). While the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-03 El Mehdi Saad , Wei-Cheng Lee , Francesco Orabona

We investigate the finite-time analysis of finding ($\delta,\epsilon$)-stationary points for nonsmooth nonconvex objectives in decentralized stochastic optimization. A set of agents aim at minimizing a global function using only their local…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-04 Emre Sahinoglu , Shahin Shahrampour

We analyze convergence rates of stochastic optimization procedures for non-smooth convex optimization problems. By combining randomized smoothing techniques with accelerated gradient methods, we obtain convergence rates of stochastic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2012-04-10 John C. Duchi , Peter L. Bartlett , Martin J. Wainwright

We consider the unconstrained optimization problem whose objective function is composed of a smooth and a non-smooth conponents where the smooth component is the expectation a random function. This type of problem arises in some interesting…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2011-07-01 Qihang Lin , Xi Chen , Javier Pena

This paper is devoted to the study (common in many applications) of the black-box optimization problem, where the black-box represents a gradient-free oracle $\tilde{f} = f(x) + \xi$ providing the objective function value with some…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-08 Aleksandr Lobanov

In this paper we consider stochastic weakly convex composite problems, however without the existence of a stochastic subgradient oracle. We present a derivative free algorithm that uses a two point approximation for computing a gradient…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-02-20 V. Kungurtsev , F. Rinaldi

We study the problem of optimizing a function under a \emph{budgeted number of evaluations}. We only assume that the function is \emph{locally} smooth around one of its global optima. The difficulty of optimization is measured in terms of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-26 Peter L. Bartlett , Victor Gabillon , Michal Valko

Zeroth-order optimization (ZO) is a memory-efficient strategy for fine-tuning Large Language Models using only forward passes. However, the application of ZO fine-tuning in memory-constrained settings such as mobile phones and laptops is…

Black-box optimization, a rapidly growing field, faces challenges due to limited knowledge of the objective function's internal mechanisms. One promising approach to address this is the Stochastic Order Oracle Concept. This concept, similar…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 V. N. Smirnov , K. M. Kazistova , I. A. Sudakov , V. Leplat , A. V. Gasnikov , A. V. Lobanov