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Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced rapidly but face significant memory demands. While quantization has shown promise for LLMs, current methods typically require lengthy training to alleviate the performance degradation from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Ke Yi , Yuhui Xu , Heng Chang , Chen Tang , Yuan Meng , Tong Zhang , Jia Li

Inference-time computation is a powerful paradigm to enhance the performance of large language models (LLMs), with Best-of-N sampling being a widely used technique. However, this method is computationally expensive, requiring both (1) an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Rohin Manvi , Anikait Singh , Stefano Ermon

Large Language Models (LLMs) herald a transformative era in artificial intelligence (AI). However, the expansive scale of data and parameters of LLMs requires high-demand computational and memory resources, restricting their accessibility…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Shengwen Ding , Chenhui Hu

Accelerating the inference of large language models (LLMs) is a critical challenge in generative AI. Speculative decoding (SD) methods offer substantial efficiency gains by generating multiple tokens using a single target forward pass.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Nadav Timor , Jonathan Mamou , Daniel Korat , Moshe Berchansky , Gaurav Jain , Oren Pereg , Moshe Wasserblat , David Harel

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized Natural Language Processing (NLP), but their size creates computational bottlenecks. We introduce a novel approach to create accurate, sparse foundational versions of performant LLMs that…

Several machine learning methods aim to learn or reason about complex physical systems. A common first-step towards reasoning is to infer system parameters from observations of its behavior. In this paper, we investigate the performance of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Sean Memery , Mirella Lapata , Kartic Subr

The increasing demand for efficient summarization tools in resource-constrained environments highlights the need for effective solutions. While large language models (LLMs) deliver superior summarization quality, their high computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Borui Xu , Yao Chen , Zeyi Wen , Weiguo Liu , Bingsheng He

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has raised concerns about their enormous carbon footprint, starting with energy-intensive training and continuing through repeated inference. This study investigates the potential of using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Anandita Garg , Uma Gaba , Deepan Muthirayan , Anish Roy Chowdhury

Large Language Models (LLMs) possess outstanding capabilities in addressing various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, the sheer size of these models poses challenges in terms of storage, training and inference due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Shuzhou Yuan , Ercong Nie , Bolei Ma , Michael Färber

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have opened new perspectives for automation in optimization. While several studies have explored how LLMs can generate or solve optimization models, far less is understood about what these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Francesca Da Ros , Luca Di Gaspero , Kevin Roitero

Efficient inference in large language models (LLMs) has become a critical focus as their scale and complexity grow. Traditional autoregressive decoding, while effective, suffers from computational inefficiencies due to its sequential token…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Hyun Ryu , Eric Kim

Large Language Model (LLM) inference is hard. The autoregressive Decode phase of the underlying Transformer model makes LLM inference fundamentally different from training. Exacerbated by recent AI trends, the primary challenges are memory…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Xiaoyu Ma , David Patterson

Pre-trained large language models (LLM) have emerged as a powerful tool for simulating various scenarios and generating output given specific instructions and multimodal input. In this work, we analyze the specific use of LLM to enhance a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Yuhang Wu , Yingfei Wang , Chu Wang , Zeyu Zheng

The rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs) has led to significant energy consumption and carbon emissions, posing a critical challenge to the sustainability of generative AI technologies. This paper explores the integration of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Tahniat Khan , Soroor Motie , Sedef Akinli Kocak , Shaina Raza

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit a wide range of capabilities, including mathematical reasoning, code generation, and linguistic behaviors. We show that many capabilities are highly localized to small subsets of attention heads within…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Anna Bair , Yixuan Even Xu , Mingjie Sun , J. Zico Kolter

Progress on training and architecture strategies has enabled LLMs with millions of tokens in context length. However, empirical evidence suggests that such long-context LLMs can consume far more text than they can reliably use. On the other…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have fundamentally altered how we approach scaling in machine learning. However, these models pose substantial computational and memory challenges, primarily due to the reliance on matrix multiplication (MatMul)…

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated superior performance across various tasks by adhering to scaling laws, which significantly increase model size. However, the huge computation overhead during inference hinders the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Zekai Li , Jintu Zheng , Ji Liu , Han Liu , Haowei Zhu , Zeping Li , Fuwei Yang , Haiduo Huang , Jinzhang Peng , Dong Li , Lu Tian , Emad Barsoum

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely adopted due to their remarkable performance across various applications, driving the accelerated development of a large number of diverse models. However, these individual LLMs show limitations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Kaushal Kumar Maurya , KV Aditya Srivatsa , Ekaterina Kochmar

Recent advances with large language models (LLM) illustrate their diverse capabilities. We propose a novel algorithm, staged speculative decoding, to accelerate LLM inference in small-batch, on-device scenarios. We address the low…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Benjamin Spector , Chris Re