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Preference-conditioned image generation seeks to adapt generative models to individual users, producing outputs that reflect personal aesthetic choices beyond the given textual prompt. Despite recent progress, existing approaches either…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Wenyi Mo , Tianyu Zhang , Yalong Bai , Ligong Han , Ying Ba , Dimitris N. Metaxas

Data generation and labeling are often expensive in robot learning. Preference-based learning is a concept that enables reliable labeling by querying users with preference questions. Active querying methods are commonly employed in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Erdem Bıyık , Nima Anari , Dorsa Sadigh

Visual design is critical to product success, and the subject of intensive marketing research effort. Yet visual elements, due to their holistic and interactive nature, do not lend themselves well to optimization using extant…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-12-12 Namwoo Kang , Yi Ren , Fred Feinberg , Panos Papalambros

Personalizing large language models (LLMs) to accommodate diverse user preferences is essential for enhancing alignment and user satisfaction. Traditional reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) approaches often rely on monolithic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Avinandan Bose , Zhihan Xiong , Yuejie Chi , Simon Shaolei Du , Lin Xiao , Maryam Fazel

Recent years have witnessed success of sequential modeling, generative recommender, and large language model for recommendation. Though the scaling law has been validated for sequential models, it showed inefficiency in computational…

Preference-based reinforcement learning (PbRL) can help avoid sophisticated reward designs and align better with human intentions, showing great promise in various real-world applications. However, obtaining human feedback for preferences…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Yiqin Yang , Hao Hu , Yihuan Mao , Jin Zhang , Chengjie Wu , Yuhua Jiang , Xu Yang , Runpeng Xie , Yi Fan , Bo Liu , Yang Gao , Bo Xu , Chongjie Zhang

Conveying complex objectives to reinforcement learning (RL) agents often requires meticulous reward engineering. Preference-based RL methods are able to learn a more flexible reward model based on human preferences by actively incorporating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Xinran Liang , Katherine Shu , Kimin Lee , Pieter Abbeel

The rapid progress in generative models has resulted in impressive leaps in generation quality, blurring the lines between synthetic and real data. Web-scale datasets are now prone to the inevitable contamination by synthetic data, directly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Damien Ferbach , Quentin Bertrand , Avishek Joey Bose , Gauthier Gidel

Generative AI models differ from traditional machine learning tools in that they allow users to provide as much or as little information as they choose in their inputs. This flexibility often leads users to omit certain details, relying on…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Charlotte Park , Kate Donahue , Manish Raghavan

In this work, we present a novel human-in-the-loop framework to help the human user understand the decision making process that involves choosing preferred options. We focus on qualitative preference models over alternatives from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-20 Joseph Allen , Ahmed Moussa , Xudong Liu

Reinforcement Learning algorithms that learn from human feedback (RLHF) need to be efficient in terms of statistical complexity, computational complexity, and query complexity. In this work, we consider the RLHF setting where the feedback…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Runzhe Wu , Wen Sun

Recent advancements in explainable recommendation have greatly bolstered user experience by elucidating the decision-making rationale. However, the existing methods actually fail to provide effective feedback signals for potentially better…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Jiakai Tang , Jingsen Zhang , Zihang Tian , Xueyang Feng , Lei Wang , Xu Chen

RLHF techniques like DPO can significantly improve the generation quality of text-to-image diffusion models. However, these methods optimize for a single reward that aligns model generation with population-level preferences, neglecting the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Meihua Dang , Anikait Singh , Linqi Zhou , Stefano Ermon , Jiaming Song

In classic reinforcement learning (RL) and decision making problems, policies are evaluated with respect to a scalar reward function, and all optimal policies are the same with regards to their expected return. However, many real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Han Shao , Lee Cohen , Avrim Blum , Yishay Mansour , Aadirupa Saha , Matthew R. Walter

Interactive preference learning systems infer human preferences by presenting queries as pairs of options and collecting binary choices. Although binary choices are simple and widely used, they provide limited information about preference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Shen Li , Yuyang Zhang , Zhaolin Ren , Claire Liang , Na Li , Julie A. Shah

Human preference alignment can greatly enhance Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), but collecting high-quality preference data is costly. A promising solution is the self-evolution strategy, where models are iteratively trained on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Wentao Tan , Qiong Cao , Yibing Zhan , Chao Xue , Changxing Ding

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is a powerful paradigm for aligning foundation models to human values and preferences. However, current RLHF techniques cannot account for the naturally occurring differences in individual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Sriyash Poddar , Yanming Wan , Hamish Ivison , Abhishek Gupta , Natasha Jaques

Text-to-3D generation automates 3D content creation from textual descriptions, which offers transformative potential across various fields. However, existing methods often struggle to align generated content with human preferences, limiting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Zhenglin Zhou , Xiaobo Xia , Fan Ma , Hehe Fan , Yi Yang , Tat-Seng Chua

In this article, we investigate the alignment of Large Language Models according to human preferences. We discuss the features of training a Preference Model, which simulates human preferences, and the methods and details we found essential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Alexey Kutalev , Sergei Markoff

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful tool for neural combinatorial optimization, enabling models to learn heuristics that solve complex problems without requiring expert knowledge. Despite significant progress, existing RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Mingjun Pan , Guanquan Lin , You-Wei Luo , Bin Zhu , Zhien Dai , Lijun Sun , Chun Yuan