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This work analyses the performance-complexity tradeoff for different direction of arrival (DoA) estimation techniques. Such tradeoff is investigated taking into account uniform linear array structures. Several DoA estimation techniques have…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-06 Edno Gentilho , Paulo Rogério Scalassara , Taufik Abrão

This paper proposes design techniques for partially-calibrated sparse linear subarrays and algorithms to perform direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. First, we introduce array architectures that incorporate two distinct array categories,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-04 W. Leite , R. C. de Lamare , Y. Zakharov , W. Liu , M. Haardt

In this paper, we show that a multi-mode antenna (MMA) is an interesting alternative to a conventional phased antenna array for direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation. By MMA we mean a single physical radiator with multiple ports, which…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-02-14 Robert Pöhlmann , Sami Alkubti Almasri , Siwei Zhang , Thomas Jost , Armin Dammann , Peter A. Hoeher

Sensing emerges as a critical challenge in 6G networks, which require simultaneous communication and target sensing capabilities. State-of-the-art super-resolution techniques for the direction of arrival (DoA) estimation encounter…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-17 Murat Babek Salman , Emil Björnson

Phase wrapping is a major problem in direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation using phase-difference observations. For a sensor pair with an inter-sensor spacing greater than half of the wavelength ($\lambda/2$) of the signal, phase wrapping…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-22 Hui Chen , Tarig Ballal , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri

This paper studies the effects of directional antenna element complex gain patterns and nonidealities in direction of arrival (DoA) estimation. We compare sparse arrays and classical uniform linear arrays, harnessing EM simulation tools to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-01 Niko Lindvall , Mikko Heino , Robin Rajamäki , Mikko Valkama , Visa Koivunen

Conventional direction of arrival (DOA) estimators are based on array processing using either time differences or beamforming. The proposed approach is based on the received power at each microphone, which enables simple hardware, low…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-16 Gustav Zetterqvist , Fredrik Gustafsson , Gustaf Hendeby

Direction-of-arrival (DoA) is a critical parameter in wireless channel estimation. With the ever-increasing requirement of high data rate and ubiquitous devices in wireless communication systems, effective wideband DoA estimation is…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-21 Xiaorui Ding , Wenbo Xu , Yue Wang

Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation is mostly performed using specialized arrays that have carefully designed receiver spacing and layouts to match the operating frequency range. In contrast, radio interferometric arrays are designed to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-23 Sarod Yatawatta

A simple scheme for joint direction of arrival (DOA) and array manifold estimation for a MIMO array system is proposed, where only two transmit antennas are calibrated initially. It first obtains a set of initial DOA results by employing a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-10-14 Wei Zhang , Wei Liu , Siliang Wu , Ju Wang

In this paper, we propose a new method to design an annihilating filter (AF) for direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation of multiple snapshots within an uniform linear array. To evaluate the proposed method, we firstly design a DOA estimation…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Son Phan , Lam Pham

This paper presents a method for real-time estimation of 2-dimensional direction of arrival (2D-DOA) of one or more sound sources using a nonlinear array of three microphones. 2D-DOA is estimated employing frame-level time difference of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-10 Anton Kovalyov , Kashyap Patel , Issa Panahi

Phased antenna arrays are widely used for direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation. For low-cost applications, signal power or received signal strength indicator (RSSI) based approaches can be an alternative. However, they usually require…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-01-31 Robert Pöhlmann , Siwei Zhang , Thomas Jost , Armin Dammann

Direction-of-Arrival (DOA) estimation in sensor arrays faces limitations under demanding conditions, including low signal-to-noise ratio, single-snapshot scenarios, coherent sources, and unknown source counts. Conventional beamforming…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-14 Xuyao Deng , Yong Dou , Kele Xu

With the rapid expansion of low-altitude economy (LAE) services and the growing demand for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) in air-ground networks, reliable direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation has become essential for both…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-02 Ye Tian , Tuo Wu , Jintao Wu , He Xu , Yuanjun Shen , Xianfu Lei , Kin-Fai Tong

In this paper, we study the problem of direction of arrival estimation and model order selection for systems employing subarray sampling. Thereby, we focus on scenarios, where the number of active sources is not smaller than the number of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-15 Andreas Barthelme , Wolfgang Utschick

This paper presents a tool for the analysis, and simulation of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation in wireless mobile communication systems over the fading channel. It reviews two methods of Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2011-12-12 A. V. Meenakshi , V. Punitham , R. Kayalvizhi , S. Asha

Direction of Arrival (DoA) estimation techniques face a critical trade-off, as classical methods often lack accuracy in challenging, low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions, while modern deep learning approaches are too energy-intensive…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-28 Rajat Bhattacharjya , Woohyeok Park , Arnab Sarkar , Hyunwoo Oh , Mohsen Imani , Nikil Dutt

A new spatial IIR beamformer based direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation method is proposed in this paper. We propose a retransmission based spatial feedback method for an array of transmit and receive antennas that improves the performance…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-07 Parth Mehta , Kumar Appaiah , Rajbabu Velmurugan

This letter proposes a multiple parametric dictionary learning algorithm for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation in presence of array gain-phase error and mutual coupling. It jointly solves both the DOA estimation and array imperfection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-07-25 H. Ghanbari , H. Zayyani , E. Yazdian