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Large language models (LLMs) enhanced with retrieval augmentation has shown great performance in many applications. However, the computational demands for these models pose a challenge when applying them to real-time tasks, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Menglin Xia , Xuchao Zhang , Camille Couturier , Guoqing Zheng , Saravan Rajmohan , Victor Ruhle

Conversational assistants powered by large language models (LLMs) excel at tool-use tasks but struggle with adhering to complex, business-specific rules. While models can reason over business rules provided in context, including all…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Shubhashis Roy Dipta , Daniel Bis , Kun Zhou , Lichao Wang , Benjamin Z. Yao , Chenlei Guo , Ruhi Sarikaya

Reducing latency and energy consumption is critical to improving the efficiency of memory systems in modern computing. This work introduces ReLMXEL (Reinforcement Learning for Memory Controller with Explainable Energy and Latency…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Panuganti Chirag Sai , Gandholi Sarat , R. Raghunatha Sarma , Venkata Kalyan Tavva , Naveen M

Training Large Language Models (LLMs) from scratch requires immense computational resources, making it prohibitively expensive. Model scaling-up offers a promising solution by leveraging the parameters of smaller models to create larger…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Yifei Yang , Zouying Cao , Xinbei Ma , Yao Yao , Libo Qin , Zhi Chen , Hai Zhao

Multi-agent hierarchical reinforcement learning (MAHRL) has been studied as an effective means to solve intelligent decision problems in complex and large-scale environments. However, most current MAHRL algorithms follow the traditional way…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Chanjuan Liu , Jinmiao Cong , Bingcai Chen , Yaochu Jin , Enqiang Zhu

Large language model (LLM) agents deployed for multi-step tasks frequently fail in predictable ways: attempting actions with unmet preconditions, issuing redundant commands, or mishandling environment constraints. While retrieval-augmented…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Humaid Ibrahim , Nikolai Rozanov , Marek Rei

Large language model (LLM) multi-agent systems can scale along two distinct dimensions: by increasing the number of agents and by improving through accumulated experience over time. Although prior work has studied these dimensions…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Shanglin Wu , Yuyang Luo , Yueqing Liang , Kaiwen Shi , Yanfang Ye , Ali Payani , Kai Shu

Large language models (LLMs) are promising tools for supporting security management tasks, such as incident response planning. However, their unreliability and tendency to hallucinate remain significant challenges. In this paper, we address…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Kim Hammar , Tansu Alpcan , Emil Lupu

Memory-augmented LLM agents have advanced personalized recommendation, yet existing approaches universally adopt flat memory representations that conflate ephemeral signals with stable preferences, and none provides a complete lifecycle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Xiang Shen , Yuhang Zhou , Yifan Wu , Zhuokai Zhao , Siyu Lin , Lei Huang , Qianqian Zhong , Lizhu Zhang , Benyu Zhang , Xiangjun Fan , Hong Yan

Despite advances in Preference Alignment (PA) for Large Language Models (LLMs), mainstream methods like Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF) face notable challenges. These approaches require high-quality datasets of positive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Xiaohua Feng , Yuyuan Li , Huwei Ji , Jiaming Zhang , Li Zhang , Tianyu Du , Chaochao Chen

Large Language Model (LLM) agents trained with reinforcement learning (RL) show great promise for solving complex, multi-step tasks. However, their performance is often crippled by "Context Explosion", where the accumulation of long text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Xuanzhang Liu , Jianglun Feng , Zhuoran Zhuang , Junzhe Zhao , Maofei Que , Jieting Li , Dianlei Wang , Hao Tong , Ye Chen , Pan Li

Large language model (LLM)-based agents have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in decision-making tasks, but struggle significantly with complex, long-horizon planning scenarios. This arises from their lack of macroscopic guidance,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Ziyue Li , Yuan Chang , Gaihong Yu , Xiaoqiu Le

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become the default strategy for providing large language model (LLM) agents with contextual knowledge. Yet RAG treats memory as a stateless lookup table: information persists indefinitely, retrieval…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Joe Logan

Large language model (LLM)-powered multi-agent systems (MAS) have demonstrated cognitive and execution capabilities that far exceed those of single LLM agents, yet their capacity for self-evolution remains hampered by underdeveloped memory…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Guibin Zhang , Muxin Fu , Guancheng Wan , Miao Yu , Kun Wang , Shuicheng Yan

Pretraining language models directly on web-scale corpora is the de facto paradigm. We study an alternative where the model is initially exposed to abstract structured data to ease the subsequent acquisition of rich semantic knowledge, much…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Liangze Jiang , Zachary Shinnick , Anton van den Hengel , Hemanth Saratchandran , Damien Teney

While large language model (LLM) agents can effectively use external tools for complex real-world tasks, they require memory systems to leverage historical experiences. Current memory systems enable basic storage and retrieval but lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Wujiang Xu , Zujie Liang , Kai Mei , Hang Gao , Juntao Tan , Yongfeng Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are central to modern natural language processing, delivering exceptional performance in various tasks. However, their substantial computational and memory requirements present challenges, especially for devices…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are smart but forgetful. Recent studies, (e.g., (Bubeck et al., 2023)) on modern LLMs have shown that they are capable of performing amazing tasks typically necessitating human-level intelligence. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Eric Melz

Large language models (LLMs) have recently gained much attention in building autonomous agents. However, the performance of current LLM-based web agents in long-horizon tasks is far from optimal, often yielding errors such as repeatedly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Hyungjoo Chae , Namyoung Kim , Kai Tzu-iunn Ong , Minju Gwak , Gwanwoo Song , Jihoon Kim , Sunghwan Kim , Dongha Lee , Jinyoung Yeo

Large language model (LLM) agents demonstrate strong performance in short-text contexts but often underperform in extended dialogues due to inefficient memory management. Existing approaches face a fundamental trade-off between efficiency…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Xiaochen Zhao , Kaikai Wang , Xiaowen Zhang , Chen Yao , Aili Wang