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Large Language Models (LLMs) are proficient in natural language processing tasks, but their deployment is often restricted by extensive parameter sizes and computational demands. This paper focuses on post-training quantization (PTQ) in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Janghwan Lee , Minsoo Kim , Seungcheol Baek , Seok Joong Hwang , Wonyong Sung , Jungwook Choi

Post-training quantization reduces the computational demand of Large Language Models (LLMs) but can weaken some of their capabilities. Since LLM abilities emerge with scale, smaller LLMs are more sensitive to quantization. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Mert Yazan , Suzan Verberne , Frederik Situmeang

Large language models (LLMs) are omnipresent, however their practical deployment is challenging due to their ever increasing computational and memory demands. Quantization is one of the most effective ways to make them more compute and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Yelysei Bondarenko , Riccardo Del Chiaro , Markus Nagel

Due to the high memory and computational costs associated with large language models (LLMs), model compression techniques such as quantization, which reduces inference costs, and parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods like Low-Rank…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Hyesung Jeon , Yulhwa Kim , Jae-joon Kim

Backpropagation has been the cornerstone of neural network training for decades, yet its inefficiencies in time and energy consumption limit its suitability for resource-constrained edge devices. While low-precision neural network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Jingxiao Ma , Priyadarshini Panda , Sherief Reda

The inherent heavy computation of deep neural networks prevents their widespread applications. A widely used method for accelerating model inference is quantization, by replacing the input operands of a network using fixed-point values.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-28 Hongwei Xie , Shuo Zhang , Huanghao Ding , Yafei Song , Baitao Shao , Conggang Hu , Ling Cai , Mingyang Li

The massive computational costs associated with large language model (LLM) pretraining have spurred great interest in reduced-precision floating-point representations to accelerate the process. As a result, the BrainFloat16 (BF16) precision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Joonhyung Lee , Jeongin Bae , Byeongwook Kim , Se Jung Kwon , Dongsoo Lee

This paper presents an optimized methodology to design and deploy Speech Enhancement (SE) algorithms based on Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) on a state-of-the-art MicroController Unit (MCU), with 1+8 general-purpose RISC-V cores. To…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Manuele Rusci , Marco Fariselli , Martin Croome , Francesco Paci , Eric Flamand

The safety alignment of Language Models (LMs) is a critical concern, yet their integrity can be challenged by direct parameter manipulation attacks, such as those potentially induced by fault injection. As LMs are increasingly deployed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Noureldin Zahran , Ahmad Tahmasivand , Ihsen Alouani , Khaled Khasawneh , Mohammed E. Fouda

Reinforcement learning (RL) for large language models (LLMs) is increasingly bottlenecked by rollout (generation), where long output sequence lengths make attention and KV-cache memory dominate end-to-end step time. FP8 offers an attractive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Zhaopeng Qiu , Shuang Yu , Jingqi Zhang , Shuai Zhang , Xue Huang , Jingyi Yang , Junjie Lai

Deep neural networks have achieved state-of-the-art results in a wide range of applications, from natural language processing and computer vision to speech recognition. However, as tasks become increasingly complex, model sizes continue to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Tomer Gafni , Asaf Karnieli , Yair Hanani

Model compression methods are used to reduce the computation and energy requirements for Large Language Models (LLMs). Quantization Aware Training (QAT), an effective model compression method, is proposed to reduce performance degradation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 He Li , Jianhang Hong , Yuanzhuo Wu , Snehal Adbol , Zonglin Li

Recently, pre-trained Transformer based language models such as BERT and GPT, have shown great improvement in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, these models contain a large amount of parameters. The emergence of even…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Ofir Zafrir , Guy Boudoukh , Peter Izsak , Moshe Wasserblat

Quantization is an effective technique to reduce memory footprint, inference latency, and power consumption of deep learning models. However, existing quantization methods suffer from accuracy degradation compared to full-precision (FP)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Zheng Wang , Juncheng B Li , Shuhui Qu , Florian Metze , Emma Strubell

In the complex domain of large language models (LLMs), striking a balance between computational efficiency and maintaining model quality is a formidable challenge. Navigating the inherent limitations of uniform quantization, particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Xiaoxia Wu , Zhewei Yao , Yuxiong He

Efficient inference is critical for deploying deep learning models on edge AI devices. Low-bit quantization (e.g., 3- and 4-bit) with fixed-point arithmetic improves efficiency, while low-power memory technologies like analog nonvolatile…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Anmol Biswas , Raghav Singhal , Sivakumar Elangovan , Shreyas Sabnis , Udayan Ganguly

Recent advancements in reasoning language models have demonstrated remarkable performance in complex tasks, but their extended chain-of-thought reasoning process increases inference overhead. While quantization has been widely adopted to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Ruikang Liu , Yuxuan Sun , Manyi Zhang , Haoli Bai , Xianzhi Yu , Tiezheng Yu , Chun Yuan , Lu Hou

Background: Large language models (LLMs) have greatly improved the accuracy of automated program repair (APR) methods. However, LLMs are constrained by high computational resource requirements. Aims: We focus on small language models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Kazuki Kusama , Honglin Shu , Masanari Kondo , Yasutaka Kamei

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the natural language processing paradigm but impose substantial demands on memory and computational resources. Quantization is one of the most effective ways to reduce memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Xilong Xie , Liang Wang , Limin Xiao , Meng Han , Lin Sun , Shuai Zheng , Xiangrong Xu

Recent machine learning methods use increasingly large deep neural networks to achieve state of the art results in various tasks. The gains in performance come at the cost of a substantial increase in computation and storage requirements.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-26 Yoni Choukroun , Eli Kravchik , Fan Yang , Pavel Kisilev