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The autoencoder is an unsupervised learning paradigm that aims to create a compact latent representation of data by minimizing the reconstruction loss. However, it tends to overlook the fact that most data (images) are embedded in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Alokendu Mazumder , Tirthajit Baruah , Bhartendu Kumar , Rishab Sharma , Vishwajeet Pattanaik , Punit Rathore

We introduce Sparse Concept Anchoring, a method that biases latent space to position a targeted subset of concepts while allowing others to self-organize, using only minimal supervision (labels for <0.1% of examples per anchored concept).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Sandy Fraser , Patryk Wielopolski

With the demand for autonomous control and personalized speech generation, the style control and transfer in Text-to-Speech (TTS) is becoming more and more important. In this paper, we propose a new TTS system that can perform style…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Wenhao Guan , Tao Li , Yishuang Li , Hukai Huang , Qingyang Hong , Lin Li

The Universality Hypothesis in large language models (LLMs) claims that different models converge towards similar concept representations in their latent spaces. Providing evidence for this hypothesis would enable researchers to exploit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Michael Lan , Philip Torr , Austin Meek , Ashkan Khakzar , David Krueger , Fazl Barez

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) exhibit human-like cognitive reasoning strategies (e.g. backtracking, cross-verification) during reasoning process, which improves their performance on complex tasks. Currently, reasoning strategies are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Yi Fang , Wenjie Wang , Mingfeng Xue , Boyi Deng , Fengli Xu , Dayiheng Liu , Fuli Feng

Style representation learning builds content-independent representations of author style in text. Stylometry, the analysis of style in text, is often performed by expert forensic linguists and no large dataset of stylometric annotations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Ajay Patel , Delip Rao , Ansh Kothary , Kathleen McKeown , Chris Callison-Burch

A key challenge in interpretability is to decompose model activations into meaningful features. Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) have emerged as a promising tool for this task. However, a central problem in evaluating the quality of SAEs is the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Constantin Venhoff , Anisoara Calinescu , Philip Torr , Christian Schroeder de Witt

Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) have recently gained attention as a means to improve the interpretability and steerability of Large Language Models (LLMs), both of which are essential for AI safety. In this work, we extend the application of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Mateusz Pach , Shyamgopal Karthik , Quentin Bouniot , Serge Belongie , Zeynep Akata

Arbitrary style transfer generates an artistic image which combines the structure of a content image and the artistic style of the artwork by using only one trained network. The image representation used in this method contains content…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Lizhen Long , Chi-Man Pun

Understanding and mitigating the potential risks associated with foundation models (FMs) hinges on developing effective interpretability methods. Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) have emerged as a promising tool for disentangling FM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Aashiq Muhamed , Mona Diab , Virginia Smith

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) have become an important tool for analyzing and interpreting the activation space of transformer-based language models (LMs). However, SAEs suffer several shortcomings that diminish their utility and internal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Ryosuke Takahashi , Tatsuro Inaba , Kentaro Inui , Benjamin Heinzerling

Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) have shown promise in improving the interpretability of neural network activations, but can learn features that are not features of the input, limiting their effectiveness. We propose \textsc{Mutual Feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Luke Marks , Alasdair Paren , David Krueger , Fazl Barez

Sparse Autoencoders for transformer-based language models are typically defined independently per layer. In this work we analyze statistical relationships between features in adjacent layers to understand how features evolve through a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Daniel Balcells , Benjamin Lerner , Michael Oesterle , Ediz Ucar , Stefan Heimersheim

In this thesis, we develop methods to enhance the interpretability of recent representation learning techniques in natural language processing (NLP) while accounting for the unavailability of annotated data. We choose to leverage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Ghazi Felhi

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) have gained a lot of attention as a promising tool to improve the interpretability of large language models (LLMs) by mapping the complex superposition of polysemantic neurons into monosemantic features and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Gouki Minegishi , Hiroki Furuta , Yusuke Iwasawa , Yutaka Matsuo

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) are widely used in mechanistic interpretability to project LLM activations onto sparse latent spaces. However, sparsity alone is an imperfect proxy for interpretability, and current training objectives often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Vivek Narayanaswamy , Kowshik Thopalli , Bhavya Kailkhura , Wesam Sakla

Sparse auto-encoders (SAEs) have become a prevalent tool for interpreting language models' inner workings. However, it is unknown how tightly SAE features correspond to computationally important directions in the model. This work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Thomas Dooms , Daniel Wilhelm

Given an arbitrary content and style image, arbitrary style transfer aims to render a new stylized image which preserves the content image's structure and possesses the style image's style. Existing arbitrary style transfer methods are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Zhanjie Zhang , Quanwei Zhang , Junsheng Luan , Mengyuan Yang , Yun Wang , Lei Zhao

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) are a promising technique for decomposing language model activations into interpretable linear features. However, current SAEs fall short of completely explaining model performance, resulting in "dark matter":…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Joshua Engels , Logan Riggs , Max Tegmark

Non-parallel text style transfer has attracted increasing research interests in recent years. Despite successes in transferring the style based on the encoder-decoder framework, current approaches still lack the ability to preserve the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Yukai Shi , Sen Zhang , Chenxing Zhou , Xiaodan Liang , Xiaojun Yang , Liang Lin