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We consider empirical measures of $\R^{d}$-valued stochastic process in finite discrete-time. We show that the adapted empirical measure introduced in the recent work \cite{backhoff2022estimating} by Backhoff et al. in compact spaces can be…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-10-25 Beatrice Acciaio , Songyan Hou

The adapted Wasserstein distance controls the calibration errors of optimal values in various stochastic optimization problems, pricing and hedging problems, optimal stopping problems, etc. However, statistical aspects of the adapted…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-09-16 Songyan Hou

The adapted Wasserstein ($AW$) distance refines the classical Wasserstein ($W$) distance by incorporating the temporal structure of stochastic processes. This makes the $AW$-distance well-suited as a robust distance for many dynamic…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-10-24 Beatrice Acciaio , Songyan Hou , Gudmund Pammer

The Wasserstein distance between two probability measures on a metric space is a measure of closeness with applications in statistics, probability, and machine learning. In this work, we consider the fundamental question of how quickly the…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-07-04 Jonathan Weed , Francis Bach

The asymptotic behaviour of empirical measures has plenty of studies. However, the research on conditional empirical measures is limited. Being the development of Wang \cite{eW1}, under the quadratic Wasserstein distance, we investigate the…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-04-29 Huaiqian Li , Bingyao Wu

Let $\pi\in \Pi(\mu,\nu)$ be a coupling between two probability measures $\mu$ and $\nu$ on a Polish space. In this article we propose and study a class of nonparametric measures of association between $\mu$ and $\nu$, which we call…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-11-05 Johannes Wiesel

We propose of an improved version of the ubiquitous symmetrization inequality making use of the Wasserstein distance between a measure and its reflection in order to quantify the symmetry of the given measure. An empirical bound on this…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-01-07 Adam B Kashlak

Understanding proper distance measures between distributions is at the core of several learning tasks such as generative models, domain adaptation, clustering, etc. In this work, we focus on mixture distributions that arise naturally in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-30 Yogesh Balaji , Rama Chellappa , Soheil Feizi

We consider a Markov chain on $\mathbb{R}^d$ with invariant measure $\mu$. We are interested in the rate of convergence of the empirical measures towards the invariant measure with respect to various dual distances, including in particular…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-10-13 Adrian Riekert

The asymptotic behaviour of empirical measures has been studied extensively. In this paper, we consider empirical measures of given subordinated processes on complete (not necessarily compact) and connected Riemannian manifolds with…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-08-17 Huaiqian Li , Bingyao Wu

Estimating a $d$-dimensional distribution $\mu$ by the empirical measure $\hat{\mu}_n$ of its samples is an important task in probability theory, statistics and machine learning. It is well known that $\mathbb{E}[\mathcal{W}_p(\hat{\mu}_n,…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Martin Larsson , Jonghwa Park , Johannes Wiesel

A number of researchers have independently introduced topologies on the set of laws of stochastic processes that extend the usual weak topology. Depending on the respective scientific background this was motivated by applications and…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-05-18 Julio Backhoff , Daniel Bartl , Mathias Beiglböck , Johannes Wiesel

Gromov--Wasserstein (GW) distances compare graphs, shapes, and point clouds through internal distances, without requiring a common coordinate system. This invariance is powerful, but discrete GW is a nonconvex quadratic optimal transport…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Ao Xu , Tieru Wu

Let $\mu_N$ be the empirical measure associated to a $N$-sample of a given probability distribution $\mu$ on $\mathbb{R}^d$. We are interested in the rate of convergence of $\mu_N$ to $\mu$, when measured in the Wasserstein distance of…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-12-10 Nicolas Fournier , Arnaud Guillin

We develop Wasserstein-based hypothesis tests for empirical-measure convergence in stationary dependent sequences. For a known candidate invariant measure, $\mu$, we study the statistic $T_n=\sqrt{n}\,W_1(\hat\mu_n,\mu)$ and establish…

Applications · Statistics 2026-05-22 Alexander Yordanov , Peter Hristov

The Wasserstein distance $\mathcal{W}_p$ is an important instance of an optimal transport cost. Its numerous mathematical properties as well as applications to various fields such as mathematical finance and statistics have been well…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-07-09 Jose Blanchet , Martin Larsson , Jonghwa Park , Johannes Wiesel

The adapted Wasserstein distance is a metric for quantifying distributional uncertainty and assessing the sensitivity of stochastic optimization problems on time series data. A computationally efficient alternative to it, is provided by the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-10 Beatrice Acciaio , Songyan Hou , Gudmund Pammer

In this article, we study Wasserstein-type metrics and corresponding barycenters for mixtures of a chosen subset of probability measures called atoms hereafter. In particular, this works extends what was proposed by Delon and Desolneux [A…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-20 Geneviève Dusson , Virginie Ehrlacher , Nathalie Nouaime

In this work, we provide non-asymptotic bounds for the average speed of convergence of the empirical measure in the law of large numbers, in Wasserstein distance. We also consider occupation measures of ergodic Markov chains. One motivation…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-05-27 Emmanuel Boissard , Thibaut Le Gouic

This paper studies convergence of empirical measures smoothed by a Gaussian kernel. Specifically, consider approximating $P\ast\mathcal{N}_\sigma$, for $\mathcal{N}_\sigma\triangleq\mathcal{N}(0,\sigma^2 \mathrm{I}_d)$, by…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-05-04 Ziv Goldfeld , Kristjan Greenewald , Yury Polyanskiy , Jonathan Weed
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