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Exceptional points play a pivotal role in the topology of non-Hermitian systems, and significant advances have been made in classifying exceptional points and exploring the associated phenomena. Exceptional surfaces, which are hypersurfaces…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-09-08 Hongwei Jia , Ruo-Yang Zhang , Jing Hu , Yixin Xiao , Yifei Zhu , C. T. Chan

Non-Hermitian systems have attracted much interest in recent decades, driven partly by the existence of exotic spectral singularities, known as exceptional points (EPs), where the dimensionality of the system evolution operator is reduced.…

In chemistry and biochemistry, chirality represents the structural asymmetry characterized by non-superimposable mirror images for a material like DNA. In physics, however, chirality commonly refers to the spin-momentum locking of a…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-08-07 Binghai Yan

For over two decades, the role of structural chirality in spin polarization has been widely investigated, with implications for the origins of life, catalysis, and quantum phenomena. Yet, it remains unclear whether all chirality-induced…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-05-12 Pius M. Theiler , Sander Driessen , Matthew C. Beard

The role of nonlinearity on topology has been investigated extensively in Hermitian systems, while nonlinearity has only been used as a tuning knob in a PT symmetric non-Hermitian system. Here, in our work, we show that nonlinearity plays a…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2022-07-26 Kai Bai , Meng Xiao

Screw rotations in nonsymmorphic space group symmetries induce the presence of hourglass and accordion shape band structures along screw invariant lines whenever spin-orbit coupling is nonnegligible. These structures induce topological…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-06-30 Rafael González-Hernández , Erick Tuiran , Bernardo Uribe

Topological physics relies on the existence of Hamiltonian's eigenstate singularities carrying a topological charge, such as quantum vortices, Dirac points, Weyl points and -- in non-Hermitian systems -- exceptional points (EPs), lines or…

We study topological properties of one-dimensional non-Hermitian systems without chiral symmetry and give phase diagrams characterized by topological invariants $\nu_E$ and $\nu_{total}$, associated with complex energy vorticity and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-11-16 Hui Jiang , Chao Yang , Shu Chen

Exceptional points (EPs) are peculiar band singularities and play a vital role in a rich array of unusual optical phenomena and non-Hermitian band theory. In this paper, we provide a topological classification of isolated EPs based on…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-06-29 Haiping Hu , Shikang Sun , Shu Chen

Engineering the transport of radiation and its interaction with matter using non-Hermiticity, particularly through spectral degeneracies known as exceptional points(EPs), is an emerging field that has both fundamental and practical…

Optics · Physics 2022-03-03 S. Soleymani , Q. Zhong , M. Mokim , S. Rotter , R. El-Ganainy , S. K. Ozdemir

Exceptional points (EPs) are prominent non-Hermitian band degeneracies that give rise to a variety of intriguing and unconventional phenomena. Similar to Weyl and Dirac points, EPs carry topological charges and comply with the celebrated…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-08-04 W. B. Rui , Z. D. Wang

Chirality is an intriguing property of certain molecules, materials or artificial nanostructures, which allows them to interact with the spin angular momentum of the impinging light field. Due to their chiral geometry, they can distinguish…

Optics · Physics 2016-11-03 Peter Banzer , Pawel Wozniak , Uwe Mick , Israel De Leon , Robert W. Boyd

Motivated by the prospect of chiral-mode control in compact photonic systems, we analyze discrete coupled single-mode resonators. Using the minimal three-resonator model, we show that an infinitesimal complex onsite perturbation near a…

Optics · Physics 2026-05-18 Kota Yagi , Takahiro Uemura , Yuto Moritake , Adam Mock , Masaya Notomi

Non-Hermitian systems distinguish themselves from Hermitian systems by exhibiting a phase transition point called an exceptional point (EP), which is the point at which two eigenstates coalesce under a system parameter variation. Many…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-04-20 Kun Ding , Guancong Ma , Meng Xiao , Z. Q. Zhang , C. T. Chan

We investigate the topological properties of multiple exceptional points in non-Hermitian two-level systems, emphasizing vorticity as a topological invariant arising from complex energy structures. We categorize EP pairs as fundamental…

Optics · Physics 2025-12-19 Jung-Wan Ryu , Chang-Hwan Yi , Jae-Ho Han

According to a widely-held paradigm, a pair of Weyl points with opposite chirality mutually annihilate when brought together. In contrast, we show that such a process is strictly forbidden for Weyl points related by a mirror symmetry,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-09-06 Xiao-Qi Sun , Shou-Cheng Zhang , Tomáš Bzdušek

Chiral crystals are materials whose lattice structure has a well-defined handedness due to the lack of inversion, mirror, or other roto-inversion symmetries. These crystals represent a broad, important class of quantum materials; their…

This work unveils how geometric features of two-band non-Hermitian Hamiltonians can completely classify the topology of their eigenstates and energy manifolds. Our approach generalizes the Bloch sphere visualization of Hermitian systems to…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-08-07 Linhu Li , Ching Hua Lee , Jiangbin Gong

Non-conservative physical systems admit a special kind of spectral degeneracy, known as exceptional point (EP), at which eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the corresponding non-Hermitian Hamiltonian coalesce. Dynamical parametric encircling…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-10-21 Alexey Galda , Valerii M. Vinokur

Non-Hermiticity has emerged as a new paradigm for controlling coupled-mode systems in ways that cannot be achieved with conventional techniques. One aspect of this control that has received considerable attention recently is the encircling…