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This paper introduces Thunder-Tok, a new Korean tokenizer designed to reduce token fertility without compromising model performance. Our approach uses a rule-based pre-tokenization method that aligns with the linguistic structure of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Gyeongje Cho , Yeonkyoun So , Chanwoo Park , Sangmin Lee , Sungmok Jung , Jaejin Lee

Large language models pretrained on general-domain corpora often exhibit tokenization inefficiencies when applied to specialized domains. Although continual pretraining for domain adaptation partially alleviate performance degradation, it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Gunjan Balde , Soumyadeep Roy , Mainack Mondal , Niloy Ganguly

This paper presents a systematic benchmark of state-of-the-art multilingual large language models (LLMs) adapted via token pruning - a compression technique that eliminates tokens and embedding parameters corresponding to languages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Hoyeol Kim , Hyeonwoo Kim

The success of pretrained transformer language models (LMs) in natural language processing has led to a wide range of pretraining setups. In particular, these models employ a variety of subword tokenization methods, most notably byte-pair…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Kaj Bostrom , Greg Durrett

Tokenization is a critical part of modern NLP pipelines. However, contemporary tokenizers for Large Language Models are based on statistical analysis of text corpora, without much consideration to the linguistic features. I propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Haris Jabbar

Efficiency and safety of Large Language Models (LLMs), among other factors, rely on the quality of tokenization. A good tokenizer not only improves inference speed and language understanding but also provides extra defense against jailbreak…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Pavel Chizhov , Egor Bogomolov , Ivan P. Yamshchikov

Tokenization is an understudied and often neglected component of modern LLMs. Most published works use a single tokenizer for all experiments, often borrowed from another model, without performing ablations or analysis to optimize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Gautier Dagan , Gabriel Synnaeve , Baptiste Rozière

Autoregressive (AR) encoder-decoder neural networks have proved successful in many NLP problems, including Semantic Parsing -- a task that translates natural language to machine-readable parse trees. However, the sequential prediction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Sid Wang , Akshat Shrivastava , Sasha Livshits

The cognitive and reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) have enabled remarkable progress in natural language processing. However, their performance in interpreting structured data, especially in tabular formats, remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Rana Alshaikh , Israa Alghanmi , Shelan Jeawak

By processing electronic health records (EHRs) as natural language sequences, large language models (LLMs) have shown potential in clinical prediction tasks such as mortality prediction and phenotyping. However, longitudinal or highly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Mingcheng Zhu , Zhiyao Luo , Yu Liu , Tingting Zhu

Tokenization is the first step in modern neural language model pipelines where an input text is converted to a sequence of subword tokens. We introduce from first principles a finite-state transduction framework which can efficiently encode…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Marco Cognetta , Naoaki Okazaki

Large language models have shown strong potential for Arabic medical text generation; however, traditional fine-tuning objectives treat all medical cases uniformly, ignoring differences in clinical severity. This limitation is particularly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Ahmed Alansary , Molham Mohamed , Ali Hamdi

Large language models have drastically changed the prospects of AI by introducing technologies for more complex natural language processing. However, current methodologies to train such LLMs require extensive resources including but not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Noel Elias , Homa Esfahanizadeh , Kaan Kale , Sriram Vishwanath , Muriel Medard

Fine-tuning LLMs for classification typically maps inputs directly to labels. We ask whether attaching brief explanations to each label during fine-tuning yields better models. We evaluate conversational response quality along three axes:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Vivswan Shah , Randy Cogill , Hanwei Yue , Gopinath Chennupati , Rinat Khaziev

Common subword tokenization algorithms like BPE and UnigramLM assume that text can be split into meaningful units by concatenative measures alone. This is not true for languages such as Hebrew and Arabic, where morphology is encoded in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Bar Gazit , Shaltiel Shmidman , Avi Shmidman , Yuval Pinter

The assumption across nearly all language model (LM) tokenization schemes is that tokens should be subwords, i.e., contained within word boundaries. While providing a seemingly reasonable inductive bias, is this common practice limiting the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Alisa Liu , Jonathan Hayase , Valentin Hofmann , Sewoong Oh , Noah A. Smith , Yejin Choi

Subword tokenization critically affects Natural Language Processing (NLP) performance, yet its behavior in morphologically rich and low-resource language families remains under-explored. This study systematically compares three subword…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Nuo Xu , Ahrii Kim

Tokenization disparities pose a significant barrier to achieving equitable access to artificial intelligence across linguistically diverse populations. This study conducts a large-scale cross-linguistic evaluation of tokenization efficiency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Hailay Kidu Teklehaymanot , Wolfgang Nejdl

We propose a novel multitask learning method for diacritization which trains a model to both diacritize and translate. Our method addresses data sparsity by exploiting large, readily available bitext corpora. Furthermore, translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-30 Brian Thompson , Ali Alshehri

While model architecture and training objectives are well-studied, tokenization, particularly in multilingual contexts, remains a relatively neglected aspect of Large Language Model (LLM) development. Existing tokenizers often exhibit high…