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The cost of simulator evaluations is a key practical bottleneck for Simulation Based Inference (SBI). In hierarchical settings with shared global parameters and exchangeable site-level parameters and observations, this structure can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Giovanni Charles , Cosmo Santoni , Seth Flaxman , Elizaveta Semenova

For many practical applications in wireless communications, we need to recover a structured sparse signal from a linear observation model with dynamic grid parameters in the sensing matrix. Conventional expectation maximization (EM)-based…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-14 Wenkang Xu , An Liu , Bingpeng Zhou , Minjian Zhao

A central challenge in many areas of science and engineering is to identify model parameters that are consistent with prior knowledge and empirical data. Bayesian inference offers a principled framework for this task, but can be…

Simulation-based inference (SBI) methods such as approximate Bayesian computation (ABC), synthetic likelihood, and neural posterior estimation (NPE) rely on simulating statistics to infer parameters of intractable likelihood models.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-06 Daolang Huang , Ayush Bharti , Amauri Souza , Luigi Acerbi , Samuel Kaski

A major challenge in extracting information from current and upcoming surveys of cosmological Large-Scale Structure (LSS) is the limited availability of computationally expensive high-fidelity simulations. We introduce calibrated Neural…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-24 He Jia

The proposed Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission is tasked with the detection and characterization of gravitational waves from various sources in the universe. This endeavor is challenged by transient displacement and…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-21 Niklas Houba , Luigi Ferraioli , Domenico Giardini

Simulation-based inference (SBI) enables amortized Bayesian inference for simulators with implicit likelihoods. But when we are primarily interested in the quality of predictive simulations, or when the model cannot exactly reproduce the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-03 Richard Gao , Michael Deistler , Jakob H. Macke

In recent years, there has been a remarkable development of simulation-based inference (SBI) algorithms, and they have now been applied across a wide range of astrophysical and cosmological analyses. There are a number of key advantages to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-18 Noemi Anau Montel , James Alvey , Christoph Weniger

We present Sequential Neural Variational Inference (SNVI), an approach to perform Bayesian inference in models with intractable likelihoods. SNVI combines likelihood-estimation (or likelihood-ratio-estimation) with variational inference to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-20 Manuel Glöckler , Michael Deistler , Jakob H. Macke

Bayesian inference allows expressing the uncertainty of posterior belief under a probabilistic model given prior information and the likelihood of the evidence. Predominantly, the likelihood function is only implicitly established by a…

Simulation-Based Inference (SBI) is a common name for an emerging family of approaches that infer the model parameters when the likelihood is intractable. Existing SBI methods either approximate the likelihood, such as Approximate Bayesian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Theo Gruner , Boris Belousov , Fabio Muratore , Daniel Palenicek , Jan Peters

Simulation-based inference (SBI) solves statistical inverse problems by repeatedly running a stochastic simulator and inferring posterior distributions from model-simulations. To improve simulation efficiency, several inference methods take…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-11 Michael Deistler , Pedro J Goncalves , Jakob H Macke

Gravitational waves emitted by a ringing black hole allow us to perform precision tests of general relativity in the strong field regime. With improvements to our current gravitational wave detectors and upcoming next-generation detectors,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-04 Costantino Pacilio , Swetha Bhagwat , Roberto Cotesta

We anticipate that the data acquired by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will be dominated by the gravitational wave signals from several astrophysical populations. The analysis of these data is a new challenge and is the main…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-04-16 Senwen Deng , Stanislav Babak , Maude Le Jeune , Sylvain Marsat , Éric Plagnol , Andrea Sartirana

With fluid antenna system (FAS) gradually establishing itself as a possible enabling technology for next generation wireless communications, channel estimation for FAS has become a pressing issue. Existing methodologies however face…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-09 Zhen Chen , Jianqing Li , Xiu Yin Zhang , Kai-Kit Wong , Chan-Byoung Chae , Yangyang Zhang

Generative models for time-series imputation achieve strong reconstruction accuracy, yet provide no finite-sample reliability guarantees, a critical limitation in power systems where imputed values inform dispatch and planning. We introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Arnaud Zinflou

Over the last five years, multiple Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) collaborations have reported mounting evidence for a gravitational-wave background (GWB) at nanohertz frequencies. Measuring anisotropies in the sky distribution of the GWB power…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-26 Anna-Malin Lemke , Andrea Mitridate , Thomas Konstandin , Mauro Pieroni , James Alvey

When a statistical model $\{P_{\theta} : \theta \in \Theta\}$ lacks analytically tractable likelihoods, parametric statistical inference based on data generated from an unknown underlying distribution $P$ can still be performed as long as…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-19 Peter Matthew Jacobs , Lekha Patel , Anirban Bhattacharya , Debdeep Pati

Simulation-Based Inference (SBI) is an approach to statistical inference where simulations from an assumed model are used to construct estimators and confidence sets. SBI is often used when the likelihood is intractable and to construct…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-05 Lorenzo Tomaselli , Valérie Ventura , Larry Wasserman

Simulation-based inference (SBI) refers to statistical inference on stochastic models for which we can generate samples, but not compute likelihoods. Like SBI algorithms, generative adversarial networks (GANs) do not require explicit…