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Empirical methods to examine the capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to use Automated Theorem Prover (ATP) reasoning strategies are studied. We evaluate the performance of State of the Art models from December 2023 and August 2024 on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Lachlan McGinness , Peter Baumgartner

The demand for synthetic data in mathematical reasoning has increased due to its potential to enhance the mathematical capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, ensuring the validity of intermediate reasoning steps remains a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Joshua Ong Jun Leang , Giwon Hong , Wenda Li , Shay B. Cohen

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance on reasoning tasks, including mathematical reasoning. However, the current evaluation mostly focuses on carefully constructed benchmarks and neglects the consideration of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Shi-Yu Tian , Zhi Zhou , Kun-Yang Yu , Ming Yang , Lin-Han Jia , Lan-Zhe Guo , Yu-Feng Li

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in formal theorem proving, particularly on contest-based mathematical benchmarks like the IMO. However, these contests do not reflect the depth,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Jiedong Jiang , Wanyi He , Yuefeng Wang , Guoxiong Gao , Yongle Hu , Jingting Wang , Nailin Guan , Peihao Wu , Chunbo Dai , Liang Xiao , Bin Dong

Fact-checking is necessary to address the increasing volume of misinformation. Traditional fact-checking relies on manual analysis to verify claims, but it is slow and resource-intensive. This study establishes baseline comparisons for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Premtim Sahitaj , Iffat Maab , Junichi Yamagishi , Jawan Kolanowski , Sebastian Möller , Vera Schmitt

Large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable progress in formal theorem proving. Yet their ability to serve as practical assistants for mathematicians, filling in missing steps within complex proofs, remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Xiao-Wen Yang , Zihao Zhang , Jianuo Cao , Zhi Zhou , Zenan Li , Lan-Zhe Guo , Yuan Yao , Taolue Chen , Yu-Feng Li , Xiaoxing Ma

Robotic path planning problems are often NP-hard, and practical solutions typically rely on approximation algorithms with provable performance guarantees for general cases. While designing such algorithms is challenging, formally proving…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Zhengbang Yang , Md. Tasin Tazwar , Minghan Wei , Zhuangdi Zhu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown increasing capability in problem-solving and decision-making, largely based on the step-by-step chain-of-thought reasoning processes. However, evaluating these reasoning abilities has become…

LLMs excel at reasoning, but validating their steps remains challenging. Formal verification offers a solution through mechanically checkable proofs. Interactive theorem provers (ITPs) dominate mathematical reasoning but require detailed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Mantas Baksys , Stefan Zetzsche , Olivier Bouissou , Sean B. Holden

The scarcity of high-quality, logically sound data is a critical bottleneck for advancing the mathematical reasoning of Large Language Models (LLMs). Our work confronts this challenge by turning decades of automated theorem proving research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Valentin Quesnel , Damien Sileo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance across various natural language processing tasks, yet their proficiency in mathematical reasoning remains a key challenge. Addressing the gap between natural and mathematical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Xuhan Huang , Qingning Shen , Yan Hu , Anningzhe Gao , Benyou Wang

Formal theorem-proving benchmarks enable mechanically verifiable evaluation of mathematical reasoning in large language models. However, existing benchmarks mainly focus on Olympiad-style problems and algebraic domains, leaving…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Wentao Long , Yunfei Zhang , Chenyi Li , Li Zhou , Chumin Sun , Zaiwen Wen

Interactive theorem provers such as Coq are powerful tools to formally guarantee the correctness of software. However, using these tools requires significant manual effort and expertise. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Minghai Lu , Benjamin Delaware , Tianyi Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced formal theorem proving, yet the scarcity of high-quality training data constrains their capabilities in complex mathematical domains. Combinatorics, a cornerstone of mathematics,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Beibei Xiong , Hangyu Lv , Haojia Shan , Jianlin Wang , Zhengfeng Yang , Lihong Zhi

Considerable progress has been made in the recent literature studies to tackle the Algorithms Selection and Parametrization (ASP) problem, which is diversified in multiple meta-learning setups. Yet there is a lack of surveys and comparative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Moncef Garouani

Automated theorem proving is essential for the formal verification of safety-critical systems. As the corpus of formal proofs grows, a natural paradigm is to learn from existing proofs. However, current learning-based approaches…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jian Fang , Yixun Yao , Yingfei Xiong

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs), which integrate language and visual cues for problem-solving, are crucial for advancing artificial general intelligence (AGI). However, current benchmarks for measuring the intelligence of MLLMs…

The problem-solving in automated theorem proving (ATP) can be interpreted as a search problem where the prover constructs a proof tree step by step. In this paper, we propose a deep reinforcement learning algorithm for proof search in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-05 Mitsuru Kusumoto , Keisuke Yahata , Masahiro Sakai

Trustworthy AI requires reasoning systems that are not only powerful but also transparent and reliable. Automated Theorem Proving (ATP) is central to formal reasoning, yet classical binary resolution remains limited, as each step involves…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Yang Xu , Shuwei Chen , Xiaomei Zhong , Jun Liu , Xingxing He

Mathematical reasoning, a core aspect of human cognition, is vital across many domains, from educational problem-solving to scientific advancements. As artificial general intelligence (AGI) progresses, integrating large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Yibo Yan , Jiamin Su , Jianxiang He , Fangteng Fu , Xu Zheng , Yuanhuiyi Lyu , Kun Wang , Shen Wang , Qingsong Wen , Xuming Hu