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Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is widely used for dimensionality reduction and interpretable analysis, but standard formulations are unsupervised and cannot directly exploit class labels. Existing supervised or semi-supervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Kenichi Satoh

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) seeks a low-rank approximation $X \approx UV^T$ with nonnegative factors and is commonly solved using interior methods that enforce feasibility throughout optimization. We show that such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Qiujing Lu , Tonmoy Monsoor , Ehsan Ebrahimzadeh , Kartik Sharma , Vwani Roychowdhury

Binary data matrices can represent many types of data such as social networks, votes, or gene expression. In some cases, the analysis of binary matrices can be tackled with nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF), where the observed data…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-23 Alberto Lumbreras , Louis Filstroff , Cédric Févotte

We introduce a probabilistic model with implicit norm regularization for learning nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) that is commonly used for predicting missing values and finding hidden patterns in the data, in which the matrix…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Jun Lu , Christine P. Chai

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is a popular method used to reduce dimensionality in data sets whose elements are nonnegative. It does so by decomposing the data set of interest, $\mathbf{X}$, into two lower rank nonnegative matrices…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-07-05 Phillip Shreeves , Jeffrey L. Andrews , Xinchen Deng , Ramie Ali-Adeeb , Andrew Jirasek

In this paper, we introduce a probabilistic model for learning nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) that is commonly used for predicting missing values and finding hidden patterns in the data, in which the matrix factors are latent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Jun Lu , Xuanyu Ye

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is a recently developed technique for finding parts-based, linear representations of non-negative data. Although it has successfully been applied in several applications, it does not always result in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Patrik O. Hoyer

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is a popular model in the field of pattern recognition. It aims to find a low rank approximation for nonnegative data M by a product of two nonnegative matrices W and H. In general, NMF is NP-hard to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Junjun Pan , Michael K. Ng

In this paper we consider the Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) problem: given an (elementwise) nonnegative matrix $V \in \R_+^{m\times n}$ find, for assigned $k$, nonnegative matrices $W\in\R_+^{m\times k}$ and $H\in\R_+^{k\times n}$…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Lorenzo Finesso , Peter Spreij

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is a knowledge discovery method that is used in many fields. Variational inference and Gibbs sampling methods for it are also wellknown. However, the variational approximation error has not been…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-03-24 Naoki Hayashi

We introduce a new method based on nonnegative matrix factorization, Neural NMF, for detecting latent hierarchical structure in data. Datasets with hierarchical structure arise in a wide variety of fields, such as document classification,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Tyler Will , Runyu Zhang , Eli Sadovnik , Mengdi Gao , Joshua Vendrow , Jamie Haddock , Denali Molitor , Deanna Needell

In this work we perform some mathematical analysis on non-negative matrix factorizations (NMF) and apply NMF to some imaging and inverse problems. We will propose a sparse low-rank approximation of big positive data and images in terms of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-04-24 Yat Tin Chow , Kazufumi Ito , Jun Zou

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) and non-negative tensor factorization (NTF) decompose non-negative high-dimensional data into non-negative low-rank components. NMF and NTF methods are popular for their intrinsic interpretability and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Alexander Sietsema , Zerrin Vural , James Chapman , Yotam Yaniv , Deanna Needell

In this paper we consider the Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) problem: given an (elementwise) nonnegative matrix $V \in \R_+^{m\times n}$ find, for assigned $k$, nonnegative matrices $W\in\R_+^{m\times k}$ and $H\in\R_+^{k\times n}$…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-07-08 Lorenzo Finesso , Peter Spreij

Using Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF), the observed matrix can be approximated by the product of the basis and coefficient matrices. Moreover, if the coefficient vectors are explained by the covariates for each individual, the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-30 Kenichi Satoh

Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is a widely used dimension reduction method that factorizes a non-negative data matrix into two lower dimensional non-negative matrices: One is the basis or feature matrix which consists of the…

Applications · Statistics 2022-11-03 Yun Cai , Hong Gu , Toby Kenney

Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is a powerful technique for analyzing regularly-sampled data, i.e., data that can be stored in a matrix. For audio, this has led to numerous applications using time-frequency (TF) representations like…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-10 Krishna Subramani , Paris Smaragdis , Takuya Higuchi , Mehrez Souden

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is a linear dimensionality technique for nonnegative data with applications such as image analysis, text mining, audio source separation and hyperspectral unmixing. Given a data matrix $M$ and a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Junjun Pan , Nicolas Gillis

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) has been actively investigated and used in a wide range of problems in the past decade. A significant amount of attention has been given to develop NMF algorithms that are suitable to model time series…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-09-04 Nasser Mohammadiha , Paris Smaragdis , Ghazaleh Panahandeh , Simon Doclo

Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) aims to factorize a matrix into two optimized nonnegative matrices and has been widely used for unsupervised learning tasks such as product recommendation based on a rating matrix. However, although…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2015-04-03 Junyu Xuan , Jie Lu , Xiangfeng Luo , Guangquan Zhang
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