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Selecting the dimensionality reduction technique that faithfully represents the structure is essential for reliable visual communication and analytics. In reality, however, practitioners favor projections for other attractions, such as…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Seoyoung Doh , Hyeon Jeon , Sungbok Shin , Ghulam Jilani Quadri , Nam Wook Kim , Jinwook Seo

Dimensionality reduction techniques play important roles in the analysis of big data. Traditional dimensionality reduction approaches, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), have been studied…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-31 Haozhe Xie , Jie Li , Hanqing Xue

Recently, Transformer is much popular and plays an important role in the fields of Machine Learning (ML), Natural Language Processing (NLP), and Computer Vision (CV), etc. In this paper, based on the Vision Transformer (ViT) model, a new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Ruisheng Ran , Tianyu Gao , Bin Fang

Evaluating the accuracy of dimensionality reduction (DR) projections in preserving the structure of high-dimensional data is crucial for reliable visual analytics. Diverse evaluation metrics targeting different structural characteristics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Jiyeon Bae , Hyeon Jeon , Jinwook Seo

Dimensionality reduction (DR) algorithms compress high-dimensional data into a lower dimensional representation while preserving important features of the data. DR is a critical step in many analysis pipelines as it enables visualisation,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-26 Aditya Ravuri , Francisco Vargas , Vidhi Lalchand , Neil D. Lawrence

Due to the intrinsic complexity of high-dimensional (HD) data, dimensionality reduction (DR) techniques cannot preserve all the structural characteristics of the original data. Therefore, DR techniques focus on preserving either local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Hyeon Jeon , Kwon Ko , Soohyun Lee , Jake Hyun , Taehyun Yang , Gyehun Go , Jaemin Jo , Jinwook Seo

Data visualization is the process by which data of any size or dimensionality is processed to produce an understandable set of data in a lower dimensionality, allowing it to be manipulated and understood more easily by people. The goal of…

Graphics · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Alexander Kiefer , Md. Khaledur Rahman

High-dimensional big data appears in many research fields such as image recognition, biology and collaborative filtering. Often, the exploration of such data by classic algorithms is encountered with difficulties due to `curse of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-07-13 Amit Bermanis , Aviv Rotbart , Moshe Salhov , Amir Averbuch

Nonlinear dimensionality reduction methods are a popular tool for data scientists and researchers to visualize complex, high dimensional data. However, while these methods continue to improve and grow in number, it is often difficult to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-04 Jonathan Johannemann , Robert Tibshirani

Dimensionality reduction (DR) techniques inherently distort the original structure of input high-dimensional data, producing imperfect low-dimensional embeddings. Diverse distortion measures have thus been proposed to evaluate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Hyeon Jeon , Aeri Cho , Jinhwa Jang , Soohyun Lee , Jake Hyun , Hyung-Kwon Ko , Jaemin Jo , Jinwook Seo

Applying dimensionality reduction (DR) to large, high-dimensional data sets can be challenging when distinguishing the underlying high-dimensional data clusters in a 2D projection for exploratory analysis. We address this problem by first…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Youngjoo Kim , Alexandru C. Telea , Scott C. Trager , Jos B. T. M. Roerdink

The advent of modern technology, permitting the measurement of thousands of characteristics simultaneously, has given rise to floods of data characterized by many large or even huge datasets. This new paradigm presents extraordinary…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-02-14 A. M. Pires , J. A. Branco

Visual reinforcement learning (RL), which makes decisions directly from high-dimensional visual inputs, has demonstrated significant potential in various domains. However, deploying visual RL techniques in the real world remains challenging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Guozheng Ma , Zhen Wang , Zhecheng Yuan , Xueqian Wang , Bo Yuan , Dacheng Tao

In this paper, we evaluate dimensionality reduction methods in terms of difficulty in estimating visual information on original images from dimensionally reduced ones. Recently, dimensionality reduction has been receiving attention as the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Masaki Kitayama , Hitoshi Kiya

Finding the similarities and differences between groups of datasets is a fundamental analysis task. For high-dimensional data, dimensionality reduction (DR) methods are often used to find the characteristics of each group. However, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Takanori Fujiwara , Xinhai Wei , Jian Zhao , Kwan-Liu Ma

Dimensionality reduction (DR) techniques have been consistently supporting high-dimensional data analysis in various applications. Besides the patterns uncovered by these techniques, the interpretation of DR results based on each feature's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Wilson Estécio Marcílio Júnior , Danilo Medeiros Eler

Dimension reduction (DR) is inherently non-unique: multiple embeddings can preserve the structure of high-dimensional data equally well while differing in layout or geometry. In this paper, we formally define the Rashomon set for DR -- the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Yiyang Sun , Haiyang Huang , Gaurav Rajesh Parikh , Cynthia Rudin

During the last decades, learning a low-dimensional space with discriminative information for dimension reduction (DR) has gained a surge of interest. However, it's not accessible for these DR methods to achieve satisfactory performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Xiangzhu Meng , Huibing Wang , Lin Feng

When faced with new data, we often conduct a cluster analysis to obtain a better understanding of the data's structure and the archetypical samples present in the data. This process often includes visualization of the data, either as a way…

Applications · Statistics 2026-04-06 Justin Lin , Julia Fukuyama

Dimensionality reduction (DR) is a well-established approach for the visualization of high-dimensional data sets. While DR methods are often applied to typical DR benchmark data sets in the literature, they might suffer from high runtime…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Luca Reichmann , David Hägele , Daniel Weiskopf