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Modern LLM serving systems confront inefficient GPU utilization due to the fundamental mismatch between compute-intensive prefill and memory-bound decode phases. While current practices attempt to address this by organizing these phases…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zejia Lin , Hongxin Xu , Guanyi Chen , Zhiguang Chen , Yutong Lu , Xianwei Zhang

Multi-agent large language model (LLM) systems are increasingly adopted for complex language processing tasks that require communication and coordination among agents. However, these systems often suffer substantial overhead from repeated…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Hancheng Ye , Zhengqi Gao , Mingyuan Ma , Qinsi Wang , Yuzhe Fu , Ming-Yu Chung , Yueqian Lin , Zhijian Liu , Jianyi Zhang , Danyang Zhuo , Yiran Chen

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems combine vector similarity search with large language models (LLMs) to deliver accurate, context-aware responses. However, co-locating the vector retriever and the LLM on shared GPU infrastructure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Junkyum Kim , Divya Mahajan

Diffusion-based large language models (dLLMs) rely on bidirectional attention, which prevents lossless KV caching and requires a full forward pass at every denoising step. Existing approximate KV caching methods reduce this cost by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Minsoo Cheong , Donghyun Son , Woosang Lim , Sungjoo Yoo

Any-to-any multimodal models that jointly handle text, images, video, and audio represent a significant advance in multimodal AI. However, their complex architectures (typically combining multiple autoregressive LLMs, diffusion…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Peiqi Yin , Jiangyun Zhu , Han Gao , Chenguang Zheng , Yongxiang Huang , Taichang Zhou , Ruirui Yang , Weizhi Liu , Weiqing Chen , Canlin Guo , Didan Deng , Zifeng Mo , Cong Wang , James Cheng , Roger Wang , Hongsheng Liu

Since local LLM inference on resource-constrained edge devices imposes a severe performance bottleneck, this paper proposes distributed prompt caching to enhance inference performance by cooperatively sharing intermediate processing states…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Hiroki Matsutani , Naoki Matsuda , Naoto Sugiura

Descriptive region features extracted by object detection networks have played an important role in the recent advancements of image captioning. However, they are still criticized for the lack of contextual information and fine-grained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-04 Yunpeng Luo , Jiayi Ji , Xiaoshuai Sun , Liujuan Cao , Yongjian Wu , Feiyue Huang , Chia-Wen Lin , Rongrong Ji

Diffusion language models (dLLMs) generate text by iteratively denoising multiple token positions in parallel, offering an attractive alternative to strictly autoregressive decoding. In practice, however, block-wise dLLM inference exposes a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Xiaoyou Wu , Cheng-Jhih Shih , Binfei Ji , Yong Liu , Yingyan , Lin

Learning-based 3D visual geometry models have significantly advanced with the advent of large-scale transformers. Among these, StreamVGGT leverages frame-wise causal attention to deliver robust and efficient streaming 3D reconstruction.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Zunhai Su , Weihao Ye , Hansen Feng , Keyu Fan , Jing Zhang , Dahai Yu , Zhengwu Liu , Ngai Wong

As the length of input text increases, the key-value (KV) cache in LLMs imposes prohibitive GPU memory costs and limits long-context inference on resource constrained devices. Existing approaches, such as KV quantization and pruning, reduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Tenghui Li , Guoxu Zhou , Xuyang Zhao , Yuning Qiu , Qibin Zhao

Key-value (KV) cache memory management is the primary bottleneck limiting throughput and cost-efficiency in large-scale GPU inference serving. Current systems suffer from three compounding inefficiencies: (1) the absence of unified KV cache…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Sanjeev Rao Ganjihal

Disaggregating the prefill and decoding phases represents an effective new paradigm for generative inference of large language models (LLM), which eliminates prefill-decoding interference and optimizes resource allocation. However, it is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Youhe Jiang , Ran Yan , Binhang Yuan

Large language model (LLM) serving demands low latency and high throughput, but high load variability makes it challenging to achieve high GPU utilization. In this paper, we identify a synergetic but overlooked opportunity to co-serve…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Yifan Qiao , Shu Anzai , Shan Yu , Haoran Ma , Shuo Yang , Yang Wang , Miryung Kim , Yongji Wu , Yang Zhou , Jiarong Xing , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Ion Stoica , Harry Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate substantial potential across a diverse array of domains via request serving. However, as trends continue to push for expanding context sizes, the autoregressive nature of LLMs results in highly…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Bin Lin , Chen Zhang , Tao Peng , Hanyu Zhao , Wencong Xiao , Minmin Sun , Anmin Liu , Zhipeng Zhang , Lanbo Li , Xiafei Qiu , Shen Li , Zhigang Ji , Tao Xie , Yong Li , Wei Lin

Distributed prefix caching accelerates long-context LLM serving by reusing KV cache entries for common context prefixes. However, KV cache fetches can become a bottleneck when network bandwidth is limited. Compression mitigates the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Xingyu Xiang , Raj Joshi , Yuhan Liu , Jiayi Yao , Chenxingyu Zhao , Junchen Jiang , Yang Zhou , Eddie Kohler , Minlan Yu

The rise of online learning has led to the development of various knowledge tracing (KT) methods. However, existing methods have overlooked the problem of increasing computational cost when utilizing large graphs and long learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Donghee Han , Daehee Kim , Minjun Lee , Daeyoung Roh , Keejun Han , Mun Yong Yi

Transformer decoders have achieved strong results across tasks, but the memory required for the KV cache becomes prohibitive at long sequence lengths. Although Cross-layer KV Cache sharing (e.g., YOCO, CLA) offers a path to mitigate KV…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Hongzhan Lin , Zhiqi Bai , Xinmiao Zhang , Sen Yang , Xiang Li , Siran Yang , Yunlong Xu , Jiaheng Liu , Yongchi Zhao , Jiamang Wang , Yuchi Xu , Wenbo Su , Bo Zheng

The key-value (KV) cache is a foundational optimization in Transformer-based large language models (LLMs), eliminating redundant recomputation of past token representations during autoregressive generation. However, its memory footprint…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yichun Xu , Navjot K. Khaira , Tejinder Singh

The large size of the KV cache has become a major bottleneck for serving LLMs with increasing context lengths. In response, many KV cache compression methods, such as token dropping and quantization, have been proposed. However, almost all…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jiayi Yao , Samuel Shen , Kuntai Du , Shaoting Feng , Dongjoo Seo , Rui Zhang , Yuyang Huang , Yuhan Liu , Shan Lu , Junchen Jiang

Serving LLMs with a cluster of GPUs is common nowadays, where the serving system must meet strict latency SLOs required by applications. However, the stateful nature of LLM serving requires maintaining huge states (i.e., KVCache) in limited…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Rongxin Cheng , Yuxin Lai , Xingda Wei , Rong Chen , Haibo Chen