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Generic matrix multiplication (GEMM) and one-dimensional convolution/cross-correlation (CONV) kernels often constitute the bulk of the compute- and memory-intensive processing within image/audio recognition and matching systems. We propose…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2014-11-12 Mohammad Ashraful Anam , Paul N. Whatmough , Yiannis Andreopoulos

Deep learning frameworks commonly implement convolution operators with GEMM-based algorithms. In these algorithms, convolution is implemented on top of matrix-matrix multiplication (GEMM) functions, provided by highly optimized BLAS…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-05 Marat Dukhan

Deploying Vision-Language Models (VLMs) on edge devices (e.g., smartphones and robots) is crucial for enabling low-latency and privacy-preserving intelligent applications. Given the resource constraints of these devices, quantization offers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Tianyu Guo , Shanwei Zhao , Shiai Zhu , Chenguang Ma

Although prior art has demonstrated negligible accuracy drop in sub-byte quantization -- where weights and/or activations are represented by less than 8 bits -- popular SIMD instructions of CPUs do not natively support these datatypes.…

Performance · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Hossein Katebi , Navidreza Asadi , Maziar Goudarzi

Large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable performance across diverse language tasks. But their deployment is often constrained by their substantial computational and storage requirements. Quantization has emerged as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Pranav Ajit Nair , Arun Sai Suggala

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized automated program repair (APR) but current benchmarks like SWE-Bench predominantly focus on userspace applications and overlook the complexities of kernel-space debugging and repair. The…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Kareem Shehada , Yifan Wu , Wyatt D. Feng , Adithya Iyer , Gryphon Kumfert , Yangruibo Ding , Zhiyun Qian

Deep learning (DL) is one of the most prominent branches of machine learning. Due to the immense computational cost of DL workloads, industry and academia have developed DL libraries with highly-specialized kernels for each…

The substantial memory bandwidth and computational demands of large language models (LLMs) present critical challenges for efficient inference. To tackle this, the literature has explored heterogeneous systems that combine neural processing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Yuzong Chen , Chao Fang , Xilai Dai , Yuheng Wu , Thierry Tambe , Marian Verhelst , Mohamed S. Abdelfattah

In this paper, we introduce LightVLM, a simple but effective method that can be seamlessly deployed upon existing Vision-Language Models (VLMs) to greatly accelerate the inference process in a training-free manner. We divide the inference…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Lianyu Hu , Fanhua Shang , Wei Feng , Liang Wan

With the advent of large language models (LLMs), numerous Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) strategies have been proposed to alleviate deployment barriers created by their enormous parameter counts. Quantization achieves compression by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Wonjun Bang , Jongseok Park , Hongseung Yu , Kyungmin Bin , Kyunghan Lee

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing tasks. However, their practical deployment is hindered by their immense memory and computation requirements. Although recent post-training quantization (PTQ)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Wenqi Shao , Mengzhao Chen , Zhaoyang Zhang , Peng Xu , Lirui Zhao , Zhiqian Li , Kaipeng Zhang , Peng Gao , Yu Qiao , Ping Luo

GEneral Matrix Multiply (GEMM) is a central operation in deep learning and corresponds to the largest chunk of the compute footprint. Therefore, improving its efficiency is an active topic of ongoing research. A popular strategy is the use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Zhanpeng Zeng , Karthikeyan Sankaralingam , Vikas Singh

Large Language Models (LLMs) based on autoregressive, decoder-only Transformers generate text one token at a time, where a token represents a discrete unit of text. As each newly produced token is appended to the partial output sequence,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Dimitrios Kafetzis , Ramin Khalili , Iordanis Koutsopoulos

The growing demand for deploying Small Language Models (SLMs) on edge devices, including laptops, smartphones, and embedded platforms, has exposed fundamental inefficiencies in existing accelerators. While GPUs handle prefill workloads…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Jinane Bazzi , Mariam Rakka , Fadi Kurdahi , Mohammed E. Fouda , Ahmed Eltawil

In this paper, we propose a framework of the mutual information-maximizing (MIM) quantized decoding for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes by using simple mappings and fixed-point additions. Our decoding method is generic in the sense…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Peng Kang , Kui Cai , Xuan He , Shuangyang Li , Jinhong Yuan

KV cache compression methods have mainly relied on scalar quantization techniques to reduce the memory requirements during decoding. In this work, we apply residual vector quantization, which has been widely used for high fidelity audio…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ankur Kumar

General Matrix Multiplication (GEMM) is a ubiquitous compute kernel in deep learning (DL). To support energy-efficient edge-native processing, new GEMM hardware units have been proposed that operate on unary encoded bitstreams using much…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Prabhu Vellaisamy , Harideep Nair , Joseph Finn , Manav Trivedi , Albert Chen , Anna Li , Tsung-Han Lin , Perry Wang , Shawn Blanton , John Paul Shen

Large Language Models (LLMs), despite their remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks, necessitate substantial GPU memory and consume significant computational resources. Beyond the memory taken up by model weights, the memory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Jincheng Dai , Zhuowei Huang , Haiyun Jiang , Chen Chen , Deng Cai , Wei Bi , Shuming Shi

Emerging multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) exhibit strong cross-modality perception and reasoning capabilities and hold great potential for various applications at edge. However, MLLMs typically consist of a compute-intensive modality encoder and a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Kangbo Bai , Le Ye , Ru Huang , Tianyu Jia

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on edge devices faces severe computational and memory constraints, limiting real-time processing and on-device intelligence. Hybrid architectures combining Structured State Space Models (SSMs) with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Jason Kong , Nilesh Prasad Pandey , Flavio Ponzina , Tajana Rosing