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The advancement of science as outlined by Popper and Kuhn is largely qualitative, but with bibliometric data it is possible and desirable to develop a quantitative picture of scientific progress. Furthermore it is also important to allocate…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-12-06 Wenyuan Liu , Stanisław Saganowski , Przemysław Kazienko , Siew Ann Cheong

Scientific publishing is facing an alarming proliferation of fraudulent practices that threaten the integrity of research communication. The production and dissemination of fake research have become a profitable business, undermining trust…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Enrique Orduña-Malea

Scientific fact-checking aims to determine the veracity of scientific claims by retrieving and analysing evidence from research literature. The problem is inherently more complex than general fact-checking since it must accommodate the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Xingyu Deng , Xi Wang , Mark Stevenson

Ideas from quantum field theory and topology have proved remarkably fertile in suggesting new phenomena in the quantum physics of condensed matter. Here I'll supply some broad, unifying context, both conceptual and historical, for the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-05-25 Frank Wilczek

I argue that scientific determinism is not supported by facts, but results from the elegance of the mathematical language physicists use, in particular from the so-called real numbers and their infinite series of digits. Classical physics…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-03 Nicolas Gisin

One of the main claims of the paper is that Dirac's calculus and broader theories of physics can be treated as theories written in the language of Continuous Logic. Establishing its true interpretation (model) is a model theory problem. The…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-10-04 Boris Zilber

The first Edition of this book was released in 2000, just before the symposium ``Thirty Years of Supersymmetry'' was held at the William I. Fine Theoretical Physics Institute (FTPI) of the University of Minnesota. Founders and trailblazers…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2024-10-22 M. Shifman

A century ago, nuclear physics entered astrophysics, giving birth to a new field of science referred to as "Nuclear Astrophysics". With time, it developed at an impressive pace into a vastly inter- and multidisciplinary discipline bringing…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-22 M. Arnould , S. Goriely

This lecture consists of two parts. The first is a (totally unsystematic) survey of some of the high points in the evolution of gravity and its successors, primarily in the course of the past century. The second summarizes some new work on…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-08-23 S. Deser

Critically growing problems of fundamental science organisation and content are analysed with examples from physics and emerging interdisciplinary fields. Their origin is specified and new science structure (organisation and content) is…

General Physics · Physics 2008-06-01 Andrei P. Kirilyuk

This paper collects some problems that I have encountered during the years, have puzzled me and which, to the best of my knowledge, are still open. Most of them are well-known and have been first stated by other authors. In this sad season…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-03-26 Giovanni Alessandrini

ACM and IEEE are the two premier associations on computing and electrical/electronics engineering which publish and organize the great majority of periodicals and conferences, respectively, serving these disciplines. Science is a constantly…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2026-04-29 George Margaritis , Dionysios Kritsas , Dimitrios Katsaros , Yannis Manolopoulos

The present discussion concerning certain fundamental physical theories (such as string theory and multiverse cosmology) has reopened the demarcation problem between science and non-science. While parts of the physics community see the…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2017-02-23 Helge Kragh

Mathematical proofs are both paradigms of certainty and some of the most explicitly-justified arguments that we have in the cultural record. Their very explicitness, however, leads to a paradox, because the probability of error grows…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Scott Viteri , Simon DeDeo

In this paper we show that the dramatic increase in the number of research articles indexed in the Web of Science database impacts the commonly observed distributions of citations within these articles. First, we document that the growing…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2017-03-09 Lovro Šubelj , Dalibor Fiala

This article examines the case of two papers published in Naturwissenschaften by the physicist Max Planck that were retrospectively marked as retracted on Springer digital platform. Rather than originating in scientific fraud, these…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Yves Gingras , Mahdi Khelfaoui

Science is a cumulative activity, which can manifest itself through the act of citing. Citations are also central to research evaluation, thus creating incentives for researchers to cite their own work. Using a dataset containing more than…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Philippe Vincent-Lamarre , Vincent Larivière

Evolutionary role of the separation into two sexes from a cyberneticist's point of view. [I translated this 1965 article from Russian "Nauka i Zhizn" (Science and Life) in 1988. In a popular form, the article puts forward several useful…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Vigen A. Geodakian

I am presenting a first-ever scientific collection of short sayings on probability and statistics expressed by most various men of science, many classics included, from antiquity to Kepler to our time. Quite understandably, the reader will…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2021-07-07 Oscar Sheynin

Quantum Computing promises accelerated simulation of certain classes of problems, in particular in plasma physics. Given the nascent interest in applying quantum computing techniques to study plasma systems, a compendium of the relevant…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2023-02-02 Óscar Amaro , Diogo Cruz