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Dielectric elastomers have significant potential for new technologies ranging from soft robots to biomedical devices, driven by their ability to display complex shape changes in response to electrical stimulus. However, an important…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-01-09 Daniel Katusele , Carmel Majidi , Pradeep Sharma , Kaushik Dayal

Soft robotic systems offer benefits over traditional rigid systems through reduced contact trauma with soft tissues and by enabling access through tortuous paths in minimally invasive surgery. However, the inherent deformability of soft…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-05-04 James Avery , Mark Runciman , Ara Darzi , George P. Mylonas

We present a new open-source torque-controlled legged robot system, with a low-cost and low-complexity actuator module at its core. It consists of a high-torque brushless DC motor and a low-gear-ratio transmission suitable for impedance and…

Jumping is an efficient locomotion strategy to traverse cluttered, uneven, or unstable environments in nature, yet replicating continuous, autonomous leaping in soft robots remains challenging due to limited energy storage and reliance on…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-10-13 Fangjie Qi , Caizhi Zhou , Haitao Qing , Haoze Sun , Jie Yin

Dielectric elastomers (DEs) are a type of multifunctional materials with salient features that are very attractive in developing soft, lightweight, and small-scale transducers and robotics. This paper reviews the mechanics of soft DE…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-10-25 Zinan Zhao , Yingjie Chen , Xueyan Hu , Ronghao Bao , Bin Wu , Weiqiu Chen

Snapping instabilities in soft structures offer a powerful pathway to achieve rapid and energy-efficient actuation. In this study, an eccentric dome-shaped snapping actuator is developed to generate controllable asymmetric motion through…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Xin Li , Ye Jin , Mohsen Jafarpour , Hugo de Souza Oliveira , Edoardo Milana

While multi-joint continuum robots are highly dexterous and flexible, designing an optimal robot can be challenging due to its kinematics involving curvatures. Hence, the current work presents a computational method developed to find…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Hyunmin Cheong , Mehran Ebrahimi , Timothy Duggan

Robots need lightweight legs for agile locomotion, and intrinsic series elastic compliance has proven to be a major ingredient for energy-efficient locomotion and robust locomotion control. Animals' anatomy and locomotion capabilities…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-07 Marco Bolignari , An Mo , Marco Fontana , Alexander Badri-Spröwitz

Dielectric elastomers (DEs) that couple deformation and electrostatics have the potential for use in soft sensors and actuators with applications ranging from robotic, biomedical, energy, aerospace and automotive technologies. However,…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-10-07 Matthew Grasinger , Kaushik Dayal

Soft electrothermal actuators are of great interest in diverse application domains for their simplicity, compliance, and ease of control. However, the very nature of thermally induced mechanical actuation sets inherent operation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Hanseong Jo , Pavel Shafirin , Christopher Le , Caden Chan , Artur Davoyan

Impressive animal locomotion capabilities are mediated by the co-evolution of the skeletal morphology and muscular properties. Legged robot performance would also likely benefit from the co-optimization of actuators and leg morphology.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Karthik Urs , Challen Enninful Adu , Elliott J. Rouse , Talia Y. Moore

Soft robots have garnered significant attention due to their promising applications across various domains. A hallmark of these systems is their bilayer structure, where strain mismatch caused by differential expansion between layers…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Jiahao Li , Dezhong Tong , Zhuonan Hao , Yinbo Zhu , Hengan Wu , Mingchao Liu , Weicheng Huang

To date, insect scale robots capable of controlled flight have used flapping wings for generating lift, but this requires a complex and failure-prone mechanism. A simpler alternative is electrohydrodynamic (EHD) thrust, which requires no…

We firstly demonstrate physically-prepared compliant PVA hydrogel electrodes as a promising supplement in dielectric elastomer actuators. They are capable of conducting high voltages over 5 kV without electrolysis by an electrical double…

Materials Science · Physics 2014-09-10 Chengyi Xu , Chunye Xu , Jianming Zheng

In most macro-scale robotics systems , propulsion and controls are enabled through a physical tether or complex on-board electronics and batteries. A tether simplifies the design process but limits the range of motion of the robot, while…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-10-16 Tian Chen , Osama R. Bilal , Kristina Shea , Chiara Daraio

Soft robots require directional control to navigate complex terrains. However, achieving such control often requires multiple actuators, which increases mechanical complexity, complicates control systems, and raises energy consumption.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Hari Prakash Thanabalan , Lars Bengtsson , Ugo Lafont , Giovanni Volpe

This paper endeavours to bridge the existing gap in muscular actuator design for ligament-skeletal-inspired robots, thereby fostering the evolution of these robotic systems. We introduce two novel compliant actuators, namely the Internal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Haosen Yang , Guowu Wei , Lei Ren , Lingyun Yan

A predicting model for soft Dielectric Elastomer Generators (DEGs) must consider a realistic model of the electromechanical behaviour of the elastomer filling, the variable capacitor and of the electrical circuit connecting all elements of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2016-09-20 Eliana Bortot , Ralf Denzer , Andreas Menzel , Massimiliano Gei

Electrically-driven soft robots based on piezoelectric actuators may enable compact form factors and maneuverability in complex environments. In most prior work, piezoelectric actuators are used to control a single degree of freedom. In…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Zhiwu Zheng , Prakhar Kumar , Yenan Chen , Hsin Cheng , Sigurd Wagner , Minjie Chen , Naveen Verma , James C. Sturm

This paper presents the first steps toward a soft dolphin robot using a bio-inspired approach to mimic dolphin flexibility. The current dolphin robot uses a minimalist approach, with only two actuated cable-driven degrees of freedom…