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Text classification with hierarchical taxonomies is a fundamental requirement in IT Service Management (ITSM) systems, where support tickets must be categorized into tree-structured taxonomies. We present a dual-embedding centroid-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Hossein Mohanna , Ali Ait-Bachir

Manual classification of IT service desk tickets may result in routing of the tickets to the wrong resolution group. Incorrect assignment of IT service desk tickets leads to reassignment of tickets, unnecessary resource utilization and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Ramya C , Paramesh S. P , Shreedhara K S

Embeddings are a powerful way to enrich data-driven machine learning models with the world knowledge of large language models (LLMs). Yet, there is limited evidence on how to design effective LLM-based embedding pipelines for tabular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Oksana Kolomenko , Ricardo Knauer , Erik Rodner

Network Traffic Classification (NTC) is one of the most important tasks in network management. The imbalanced nature of classes on the internet presents a critical challenge in classification tasks. For example, some classes of applications…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Matin Shokri , Ramin Hasibi

In an enterprise Virtual Assistant (VA) system, intent classification is the crucial component that determines how a user input is handled based on what the user wants. The VA system is expected to be a cost-efficient SaaS service with low…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Haode Qi , Cheng Qian , Jian Ni , Pratyush Singh , Reza Fazeli , Gengyu Wang , Zhongzheng Shu , Eric Wayne , Juergen Bross

An essential aspect of prioritizing incident tickets for resolution is efficiently labeling tickets with fine-grained categories. However, ticket data is often complex and poses several unique challenges for modern machine learning methods:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Zhexiong Liu , Cris Benge , Siduo Jiang

For a company looking to provide delightful user experiences, it is of paramount importance to take care of any customer issues. This paper proposes COTA, a system to improve speed and reliability of customer support for end users through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-05 Piero Molino , Huaixiu Zheng , Yi-Chia Wang

With the booming of Large Language Models (LLMs), prompt-learning has become a promising method mainly researched in various research areas. Recently, many attempts based on prompt-learning have been made to improve the performance of text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Chun Liu , Hongguang Zhang , Kainan Zhao , Xinghai Ju , Lin Yang

Resolution of incidents or problem tickets is a common theme in service industries in any sector, including billing and charging systems in telecom domain. Machine learning can help to identify patterns and suggest resolutions for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Harish Saragadam , Chetana K Nayak , Joy Bose

Text clustering is an important method for organising the increasing volume of digital content, aiding in the structuring and discovery of hidden patterns in uncategorised data. The effectiveness of text clustering largely depends on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Alina Petukhova , João P. Matos-Carvalho , Nuno Fachada

The quality of machine learning models depends heavily on their training data. Selecting high-quality, diverse training sets for large language models (LLMs) is a difficult task, due to the lack of cheap and reliable quality metrics. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Robert Istvan Busa-Fekete , Julian Zimmert , Anne Xiangyi Zheng , Claudio Gentile , Andras Gyorgy

Project-based learning improves student engagement and learning outcomes, yet allocating students to appropriately challenging projects while forming cognitively diverse teams remains difficult at scale. Traditional allocation methods…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Dhruv Gulwani , Basem Suleiman , Aditya Joshi , Sonit Singh

We evaluate the performance of various text embedding models and pipeline configurations for AI-driven search systems. We compare sentence-transformer and generative embedding models (e.g., All-MPNet, BGE, GTE, and Qwen) at different…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Philip Zhong , Kent Chen , Don Wang

As retrieval-augmented generation prevails in large language models, embedding models are becoming increasingly crucial. Despite the growing number of general embedding models, prior work often overlooks the critical role of training data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Xinshuo Hu , Zifei Shan , Xinping Zhao , Zetian Sun , Zhenyu Liu , Dongfang Li , Shaolin Ye , Xinyuan Wei , Qian Chen , Baotian Hu , Haofen Wang , Jun Yu , Min Zhang

Despite being the current de-facto models in most NLP tasks, transformers are often limited to short sequences due to their quadratic attention complexity on the number of tokens. Several attempts to address this issue were studied, either…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Amine Abdaoui , Sourav Dutta

We explore efficient strategies to fine-tune decoder-only Large Language Models (LLMs) for downstream text classification under resource constraints. Two approaches are investigated: (1) attaching a classification head to a pretrained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Amirhossein Yousefiramandi , Ciaran Cooney

This study investigates the feasibility and performance of federated learning (FL) for multi-label ICD code classification using clinical notes from the MIMIC-IV dataset. Unlike previous approaches that rely on centralized training or…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Binbin Xu , Gérard Dray

Recent techniques for the task of short text clustering often rely on word embeddings as a transfer learning component. This paper shows that sentence vector representations from Transformers in conjunction with different clustering methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Leonid Pugachev , Mikhail Burtsev

Two questions regarding practitioners' use of patent embeddings arise: (i) Does one fine-tuning recipe suffice for all downstream applications? (ii) Is fine-tuning on one patent landscape sufficient for downstream application on other…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Amirhossein Yousefiramandi , Ciaran Cooney

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs)-based text embedding models primarily focus on data scaling or synthesis, yet limited exploration of training techniques and data quality, thereby constraining performance. In this work,…

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