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Partial differential equation (PDE) solvers underpin modern quantitative finance, governing option pricing and risk evaluation. Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have emerged as a promising approach for solving the forward and…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Akshay Govind Srinivasan , Anuj Jagannath Said , Sathwik Pentela , Vikas Dwivedi , Balaji Srinivasan

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are a novel computational approach for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) with noisy and sparse initial and boundary data. Although, efficient quantification of epistemic and aleatoric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Júlia Vicens Figueres , Juliette Vanderhaeghen , Federica Bragone , Kateryna Morozovska , Khemraj Shukla

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are one popular approach to incorporate a priori knowledge about physical systems into the learning framework. PINNs are known to be robust for smaller training sets, derive better generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Birgit Hillebrecht , Benjamin Unger

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) leverage neural-networks to find the solutions of partial differential equation (PDE)-constrained optimization problems with initial conditions and boundary conditions as soft constraints. These soft…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Rambod Mojgani , Maciej Balajewicz , Pedram Hassanzadeh

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) represent a significant advancement in scientific machine learning by integrating fundamental physical laws into their architecture through loss functions. PINNs have been successfully applied to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Wei Zhou , Y. F. Xu

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have been widely applied to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) by enforcing outputs and gradients of deep models to satisfy target equations. Due to the limitation of numerical computation,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Haixu Wu , Huakun Luo , Yuezhou Ma , Jianmin Wang , Mingsheng Long

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a flexible framework for solving partial differential equations, but their performance on interface problems remains challenging because continuity and flux conditions are typically…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Seung Whan Chung , Stephen T. Castonguay , Sumanta Roy , Michael S. Penwarden , Yucheng Fu , Pratanu Roy

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) offer a promising approach to solving differential equations and, more generally, to applying deep learning to problems in the physical sciences. We adopt a recently developed transfer learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Raphaël Pellegrin , Blake Bullwinkel , Marios Mattheakis , Pavlos Protopapas

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) approximate solutions of partial differential equations (PDEs) by embedding physical laws into the loss function. In parameterized PDE families, variations in coefficients or boundary/initial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Beomchul Park , Minsu Koh , Heejo Kong , Seong-Whan Lee

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have gained prominence in recent years and are now effectively used in a number of applications. However, their performance remains unstable due to the complex landscape of the loss function. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Dmitry Bylinkin , Mikhail Aleksandrov , Savelii Chezhegov , Aleksandr Beznosikov

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a powerful framework for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) by embedding governing physical laws directly into the training objective. Recent advances in quantum machine…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Ban Q. Tran , Nahid Binandeh Dehaghani , Rafal Wisniewski , Susan Mengel , A. Pedro Aguiar

Complex physical systems are often described by partial differential equations (PDEs) that depend on parameters such as the Reynolds number in fluid mechanics. In applications such as design optimization or uncertainty quantification,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Woojin Cho , Minju Jo , Haksoo Lim , Kookjin Lee , Dongeun Lee , Sanghyun Hong , Noseong Park

We consider the approximation of a class of dynamic partial differential equations (PDE) of second order in time by the physics-informed neural network (PINN) approach, and provide an error analysis of PINN for the wave equation, the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-03-23 Yanxia Qian , Yongchao Zhang , Yunqing Huang , Suchuan Dong

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have emerged as a powerful tool for integrating physics-based constraints and data to address forward and inverse problems in machine learning. Despite their potential, the implementation of PINNs…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-19 Alan Williams , Christopher Leon , Alexander Scheinker

Background: Deep learning techniques, particularly neural networks, have revolutionized computational physics, offering powerful tools for solving complex partial differential equations (PDEs). However, ensuring stability and efficiency…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-11 A. Noorizadegan , R. Cavoretto , D. L. Young , C. S. Chen

Partial differential equations (PDEs) are a model candidate for soft sensors in industrial processes with spatiotemporal dependence. Although physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are a promising machine learning method for solving PDEs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Aina Wang , Pan Qin , Xi-Ming Sun

The research in Artificial Intelligence methods with potential applications in science has become an essential task in the scientific community last years. Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) is one of this methods and represent a…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-07-24 Luis Medrano Navarro , Luis Martín Moreno , Sergio G Rodrigo

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a promising mesh-free paradigm for solving partial differential equations, yet adoption in science and engineering is limited by slow training and modest accuracy relative to modern…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Pao-Hsiung Chiu , Jian Cheng Wong , Chin Chun Ooi , Chang Wei , Yuchen Fan , Yew-Soon Ong

We present a unified theoretical framework for analyzing the stability and consistency of Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs), grounded in operator coercivity, variational formulations, and non-asymptotic perturbation theory. PINNs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Ronald Katende

The great success of Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINN) in solving partial differential equations (PDEs) has significantly advanced our simulation and understanding of complex physical systems in science and engineering. However, many…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-09-10 Hao Zhang , Longxiang Jiang , Xinkun Chu , Yong Wen , Luxiong Li , Yonghao Xiao , Liyuan Wang