English
Related papers

Related papers: MAD-OOD: A Deep Learning Cluster-Driven Framework …

200 papers

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection remains a fundamental challenge for deep neural networks, particularly due to overconfident predictions on unseen OOD samples during testing. We reveal a key insight: OOD samples predicted as the same…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yanqi Wu , Qichao Chen , Runhe Lai , Xinhua Lu , Jia-Xin Zhuang , Zhilin Zhao , Wei-Shi Zheng , Ruixuan Wang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for determining when a supervised model encounters inputs that differ meaningfully from its training distribution. While widely studied in classification, OOD detection for regression and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-16 Min Lu , Hemant Ishwaran

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection aims to identify test examples that do not belong to the training distribution and are thus unlikely to be predicted reliably. Despite a plethora of existing works, most of them focused only on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Reza Averly , Wei-Lun Chao

Detecting and rejecting unknown out-of-distribution (OOD) samples is critical for deployed neural networks to void unreliable predictions. In real-world scenarios, however, the efficacy of existing OOD detection methods is often impeded by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Kai Liu , Zhihang Fu , Sheng Jin , Chao Chen , Ze Chen , Rongxin Jiang , Fan Zhou , Yaowu Chen , Jieping Ye

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is vital to safety-critical machine learning applications and has thus been extensively studied, with a plethora of methods developed in the literature. However, the field currently lacks a unified,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Jingkang Yang , Pengyun Wang , Dejian Zou , Zitang Zhou , Kunyuan Ding , Wenxuan Peng , Haoqi Wang , Guangyao Chen , Bo Li , Yiyou Sun , Xuefeng Du , Kaiyang Zhou , Wayne Zhang , Dan Hendrycks , Yixuan Li , Ziwei Liu

As deep learning methods form a critical part in commercially important applications such as autonomous driving and medical diagnostics, it is important to reliably detect out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs while employing these algorithms.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-12 Apoorv Vyas , Nataraj Jammalamadaka , Xia Zhu , Dipankar Das , Bharat Kaul , Theodore L. Willke

Machine Learning classifiers used in Brain-Computer Interfaces make classifications based on the distribution of data they were trained on. When they need to make inferences on samples that fall outside of this distribution, they can only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Merlijn Quincent Mulder , Matias Valdenegro-Toro , Andreea Ioana Sburlea , Ivo Pascal de Jong

Improving the reliability of deployed machine learning systems often involves developing methods to detect out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs. However, existing research often narrowly focuses on samples from classes that are absent from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Charles Guille-Escuret , Pierre-André Noël , Ioannis Mitliagkas , David Vazquez , Joao Monteiro

We present a principled approach for detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) and adversarial samples in deep neural networks. Our approach consists in modeling the outputs of the various layers (deep features) with parametric probability…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-27 Nilesh A. Ahuja , Ibrahima Ndiour , Trushant Kalyanpur , Omesh Tickoo

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a crucial task for ensuring the reliability and robustness of machine learning models. Recent works have shown that generative models often assign high confidence scores to OOD samples, indicating that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Rui Sun , Andi Zhang , Haiming Zhang , Jinke Ren , Yao Zhu , Ruimao Zhang , Shuguang Cui , Zhen Li

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is important for machine learning models deployed in the wild. Recent methods use auxiliary outlier data to regularize the model for improved OOD detection. However, these approaches make a strong…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Julian Katz-Samuels , Julia Nakhleh , Robert Nowak , Yixuan Li

Deep neural networks (DNNs) often exhibit overconfidence when encountering out-of-distribution (OOD) samples, posing significant challenges for deployment. Since DNNs are trained on in-distribution (ID) datasets, the information flow of ID…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Guide Yang , Chao Hou , Weilong Peng , Xiang Fang , Yongwei Nie , Peican Zhu , Keke Tang

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) data at inference time is crucial for many applications of machine learning. We present XOOD: a novel extreme value-based OOD detection framework for image classification that consists of two algorithms.…

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is important for deploying machine learning models in the real world, where test data from shifted distributions can naturally arise. While a plethora of algorithmic approaches have recently emerged for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Peyman Morteza , Yixuan Li

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection aims to detect testing samples far away from the in-distribution (ID) training data, which is crucial for the safe deployment of machine learning models in the real world. Distance-based OOD detection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Haodong Lu , Dong Gong , Shuo Wang , Jason Xue , Lina Yao , Kristen Moore

To detect distribution shifts and improve model safety, many out-of-distribution (OOD) detection methods rely on the predictive uncertainty or features of supervised models trained on in-distribution data. In this paper, we critically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Yucen Lily Li , Daohan Lu , Polina Kirichenko , Shikai Qiu , Tim G. J. Rudner , C. Bayan Bruss , Andrew Gordon Wilson

Effective out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for reliable machine learning models, yet most current methods are limited in practical use due to requirements like access to training data or intervention in training. We present a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Fran Jelenić , Josip Jukić , Martin Tutek , Mate Puljiz , Jan Šnajder

The ability to detect Out-of-Distribution (OOD) data is important in safety-critical applications of deep learning. The aim is to separate In-Distribution (ID) data drawn from the training distribution from OOD data using a measure of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Guoxuan Xia , Christos-Savvas Bouganis

In many critical Machine Learning applications, such as autonomous driving and medical image diagnosis, the detection of out-of-distribution (OOD) samples is as crucial as accurately classifying in-distribution (ID) inputs. Recently Outlier…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Lakpa D. Tamang , Mohamed Reda Bouadjenek , Richard Dazeley , Sunil Aryal

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs is critical for safely deploying deep learning models in the real world. Existing approaches for detecting OOD examples work well when evaluated on benign in-distribution and OOD samples. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-10 Jiefeng Chen , Yixuan Li , Xi Wu , Yingyu Liang , Somesh Jha