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Large Language Models~(LLMs) are prone to hallucinations, and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) helps mitigate this, but at a high computational cost while risking misinformation. Adaptive retrieval aims to retrieve only when necessary,…

The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has sparked interest in their application to sequential recommendation tasks as they can provide supportive item information. However, due to the inherent complexities of sequential recommendation,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Yu Wang , Zhiwei Liu , Jianguo Zhang , Weiran Yao , Shelby Heinecke , Philip S. Yu

The Dynamic Task Assignment Problem (DTAP) concerns matching resources to tasks in real time while minimizing some objectives, like resource costs or task cycle time. In this work, we consider a DTAP variant where every task is a case…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Riccardo Lo Bianco , Willem van Jaarsveld , Jeroen Middelhuis , Luca Begnardi , Remco Dijkman

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) provides an effective yet efficient solution for fine-tuning large language models (LLM). The modular and plug-and-play nature of LoRA enables the integration of diverse domain-specific LoRAs to enhance the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Ziyu Zhao , Leilei Gan , Guoyin Wang , Wangchunshu Zhou , Hongxia Yang , Kun Kuang , Fei Wu

The advanced function-calling capabilities of foundation models open up new possibilities for deploying agents to perform complex API tasks. However, managing large amounts of data and interacting with numerous APIs makes function calling…

This paper considers Pseudo-Relevance Feedback (PRF) methods for dense retrievers in a resource constrained environment such as that of cheap cloud instances or embedded systems (e.g., smartphones and smartwatches), where memory and CPU are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Hang Li , Chuting Yu , Ahmed Mourad , Bevan Koopman , Guido Zuccon

Long-tail question answering presents significant challenges for large language models (LLMs) due to their limited ability to acquire and accurately recall less common knowledge. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems have shown great…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Yiming Zhang , Siyue Zhang , Junbo Zhao , Chen Zhao

Model-free reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful, general tool for learning complex behaviors. However, its sample efficiency is often impractically large for solving challenging real-world problems, even with off-policy algorithms such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Vitchyr Pong , Shixiang Gu , Murtaza Dalal , Sergey Levine

Tool planning with large language models (LLMs), referring to selecting, organizing, and preparing the tools necessary to complete a user request, bridges the gap between natural language understanding and task execution. However, current…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Wenjie Chen , Wenbin Li , Di Yao , Xuying Meng , Chang Gong , Jingping Bi

LLM agents operating over massive, dynamic tool libraries rely on effective retrieval, yet standard single-shot dense retrievers struggle with complex requests. These failures primarily stem from the disconnect between abstract user goals…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Wei Fang , James Glass

Effective tool use is essential for large language models (LLMs) to interact with their environment. However, progress is limited by the lack of efficient reinforcement learning (RL) frameworks specifically designed for tool use, due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Junjie Ye , Changhao Jiang , Zhengyin Du , Yufei Xu , Xuesong Yao , Zhiheng Xi , Xiaoran Fan , Qi Zhang , Tao Gui , Xuanjing Huang , Jiecao Chen

The rapid evolution of e-commerce has exposed the limitations of traditional product retrieval systems in managing complex, multi-turn user interactions. Recent advances in multimodal generative retrieval -- particularly those leveraging…

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become an effective approach for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs), particularly to enhance their reasoning capabilities. However, RL fine-tuning remains highly resource-intensive, and existing work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yifan Sun , Jingyan Shen , Yibin Wang , Tianyu Chen , Zhendong Wang , Mingyuan Zhou , Huan Zhang

Conversational search requires accurate interpretation of user intent from complex multi-turn contexts. This paper presents ChatRetriever, which inherits the strong generalization capability of large language models to robustly represent…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Kelong Mao , Chenlong Deng , Haonan Chen , Fengran Mo , Zheng Liu , Tetsuya Sakai , Zhicheng Dou

Recently embedding-based retrieval or dense retrieval have shown state of the art results, compared with traditional sparse or bag-of-words based approaches. This paper introduces a model-agnostic doc-level embedding framework through large…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Mingrui Wu , Sheng Cao

Adaptive Retrieval-Augmented Generation aims to mitigate the interference of extraneous noise by dynamically determining the necessity of retrieving supplementary passages. However, as Large Language Models evolve with increasing robustness…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Jun Feng , Jiahui Tang , Zhicheng He , Hang Lv , Hongchao Gu , Hao Wang , Xuezhi Yang , Shuai Fang

Safety critical software assessment requires robust assessment against complex regulatory frameworks, a process traditionally limited by manual evaluation. This paper presents Document Retrieval-Augmented Fine-Tuning (DRAFT), a novel…

Tool learning aims to extend the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) with external tools. A major challenge in tool learning is how to support a large number of tools, including unseen tools. To address this challenge, previous…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Yuanhang Zheng , Peng Li , Wei Liu , Yang Liu , Jian Luan , Bin Wang

Current state-of-the-art large language models are effective in generating high-quality text and encapsulating a broad spectrum of world knowledge. These models, however, often hallucinate and lack locally relevant factual data.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Anton Shapkin , Denis Litvinov , Yaroslav Zharov , Egor Bogomolov , Timur Galimzyanov , Timofey Bryksin

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have emphasized the critical role of fine-tuning (FT) techniques in adapting LLMs to specific tasks, especially when retraining from scratch is computationally infeasible. Fine-tuning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Xiao Han , Zimo Zhao , Wanyu Wang , Maolin Wang , Zitao Liu , Yi Chang , Xiangyu Zhao