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We consider in this paper a new intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-aided LEO satellite communication system, by utilizing the controllable phase shifts of massive passive reflecting elements to achieve flexible beamforming, which copes…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Beixiong Zheng , Shaoe Lin , Rui Zhang

Due to an increase in the availability of cheap off-the-shelf radio hardware, spoofing and replay attacks on satellite ground systems have become more accessible than ever. This is particularly a problem for legacy systems, many of which do…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Joshua Smailes , Sebastian Köhler , Simon Birnbach , Martin Strohmeier , Ivan Martinovic

It has been recently demonstrated that modifying the rim scattering of a paraboloidal reflector antenna through the use of reconfigurable elements along the rim facilitates sidelobe modification including cancelling sidelobes. In this work…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-01 R. Michael Buehrer , Steve W. Ellingson

The rapid increase in the deployment of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, catering to diverse applications such as communication, Earth observation, environmental monitoring, and scientific research, has significantly amplified the…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Pranava Seth , Mamta Gulati

We investigate a multi-low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite system that simultaneously provides positioning and communication services to terrestrial user terminals. To address the challenges of accurately acquiring channel state information in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Yuchen Zhang , Pinjun Zheng , Jie Ma , Henk Wymeersch , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri

While synthetic aperture radar is widely adopted to provide high-resolution imaging at long distances using small arrays, the concept of coherent synthetic aperture communication (SAC) has not yet been explored. This article introduces the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-17 Lucas Giroto , Marcus Henninger , Silvio Mandelli

The number of satellites in low-Earth orbit is increasing rapidly, and many tens of thousands of them are expected to be launched in the coming years. There is a strong concern among the astronomical community about the contamination of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-01-19 C. G. Bassa , O. R. Hainaut , D. Galadi-Enriquez

Due to the increasing threat of attacks on satellite systems, novel countermeasures have been developed to provide additional security. Among these, there has been a particular interest in transmitter fingerprinting, which authenticates…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Joshua Smailes , Sebastian Köhler , Simon Birnbach , Martin Strohmeier , Ivan Martinovic

Spectrum sharing is a new approach to solve the congestion problem in the RF spectrum. A spatial approach for spectrum sharing between a radar and a communication system was proposed, which mitigates the radar interference to communication…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Awais Khawar , Ahmed Abdelhadi , T. Charles Clancy

In this paper, we propose scalable distributed beamforming schemes over low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks that rely solely on statistical channel state information for downlink orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems. We…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-28 Yuchen Zhang , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri

Aiming to achieve ubiquitous global connectivity and target detection on the same platform with improved spectral/energy efficiency and reduced onboard hardware cost, low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite systems capable of simultaneously…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Juha Park , Jaehyup Seong , Jaehak Ryu , Yijie Mao , Wonjae Shin

Interference from terrestrial networks can reduce the communication rate for low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites in the upper mid-band. To coexist in frequency, MIMO precoding can be used to reduce the signal that impinges on the LEO…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-05 Nima Razavi , Murat Bayraktar , Nuria Gonzalez Prelcic , Robert W. Heath

Conventional antenna arrays rely primarily on digital beamforming for spatial control. While adding more elements can narrow beamwidth and suppress interference, such scaling incurs prohibitive hardware and power costs. Rotatable antennas…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-29 Xingxiang Peng , Qingqing Wu , Ziyuan Zheng , Wen Chen , Yanze Zhu , Ying Gao

The extension of wide area wireless connectivity to low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems demands a fresh look at the effects of in-orbit base stations, sky-to-ground propagation, and cell planning. A multi-beam LEO…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-15 Eunsun Kim , Ian P. Roberts , Jeffrey G. Andrews

The integration of Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) with Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations into 5G and Beyond is essential to achieve truly global connectivity. A distinctive characteristic of LEO mega constellations is that…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Fabio Saggese , Lintao Li , Petar Popovski

We study spectrum sharing between two dense low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations, an incumbent primary system and a secondary system that must respect interference protection constraints on the primary system. In particular, we…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-20 Eunsun Kim , Ian P. Roberts , Taekyun Lee , Jeffrey G. Andrews

Small, low-cost IoT devices are typically equipped with only a single, low-quality antenna, significantly limiting communication range and link quality. In particular, these antennas are typically linearly polarized and therefore…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-09 Lili Chen , Wenjun Hu , Kyle Jamieson , Xiaojiang Chen , Dingyi Fang , Jeremy Gummeson

Inter-beam interference poses a significant challenge in low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communications due to dense satellite constellations. To address this issue, we introduce spacetime beamforming, a novel paradigm that leverages the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-13 Jungbin Yim , Jinseok Choi , Jeonghun Park , Ian P. Roberts , Namyoon Lee

This paper investigates the maximum achievable downlink spectral efficiency of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations. Spectral efficiency is defined here as the total network sum rate per unit bandwidth per unit area of Earth's…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-11 Cuneyd Ozturk , Dongning Guo , Randall A. Berry , Michael L. Honig

A mega-constellation of low-earth orbit (LEO) satellites has the potential to enable long-range communication with low latency. Integrating this with burgeoning unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) assisted non-terrestrial networks will be a…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-05-27 Ju-Hyung Lee , Jihong Park , Mehdi Bennis , Young-Chai Ko