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With the increasing complexity of video data and the need for more efficient long-term temporal understanding, existing long-term video understanding methods often fail to accurately capture and analyze extended video sequences. These…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Sosuke Yamao , Natsuki Miyahara , Yuki Harazono , Shun Takeuchi

Text and faces are among the most perceptually salient and practically important patterns in visual generation, yet they remain challenging for autoregressive generators built on discrete tokenization. A central bottleneck is the tokenizer:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yang Yue , Fangyun Wei , Tianyu He , Jinjing Zhao , Zanlin Ni , Zeyu Liu , Jiayi Guo , Lei Shi , Yue Dong , Li Chen , Ji Li , Gao Huang , Dong Chen

Neural data compression has been shown to outperform classical methods in terms of $RD$ performance, with results still improving rapidly. At a high level, neural compression is based on an autoencoder that tries to reconstruct the input…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Ties van Rozendaal , Iris A. M. Huijben , Taco S. Cohen

Video Large Language Models (Video LLMs) achieve strong performance on video understanding tasks but suffer from high inference costs due to the large number of visual tokens. We propose KiToke, a training-free, query-agnostic token…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Haifeng Huang , Yang Li

Effectively handling temporal redundancy remains a key challenge in learning video models. Prevailing approaches often treat each set of frames independently, failing to effectively capture the temporal dependencies and redundancies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Xiang Fan , Xiaohang Sun , Kushan Thakkar , Zhu Liu , Vimal Bhat , Ranjay Krishna , Xiang Hao

Long video understanding remains challenging for Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) due to high memory costs and context-length limits. Prior approaches mitigate this by scoring and selecting frames/tokens within short clips, but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Haozhe Qi , Kevin Qu , Mahdi Rad , Rui Wang , Alexander Mathis , Marc Pollefeys

Existing video captioning approaches typically require to first sample video frames from a decoded video and then conduct a subsequent process (e.g., feature extraction and/or captioning model learning). In this pipeline, manual frame…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Yaojie Shen , Xin Gu , Kai Xu , Heng Fan , Longyin Wen , Libo Zhang

Recently, learning based video compression methods attract increasing attention. However, the previous works suffer from error propagation due to the accumulation of reconstructed error in inter predictive coding. Meanwhile, the previous…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-26 Guo Lu , Chunlei Cai , Xiaoyun Zhang , Li Chen , Wanli Ouyang , Dong Xu , Zhiyong Gao

In this paper, we introduce a novel visual representation learning which relies on a handful of adaptively learned tokens, and which is applicable to both image and video understanding tasks. Instead of relying on hand-designed splitting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Michael S. Ryoo , AJ Piergiovanni , Anurag Arnab , Mostafa Dehghani , Anelia Angelova

This work presents VTok, a unified video tokenization framework that can be used for both generation and understanding tasks. Unlike the leading vision-language systems that tokenize videos through a naive frame-sampling strategy, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Feng Wang , Yichun Shi , Ceyuan Yang , Qiushan Guo , Jingxiang Sun , Alan Yuille , Peng Wang

Real-time transmission of visual data over wireless networks remains highly challenging, even when leveraging advanced deep neural networks, particularly under severe channel conditions such as limited bandwidth and weak connectivity. In…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Zhenyu Liu , Yi Ma , Rahim Tafazolli

Video large language models (VLLMs) have significantly advanced recently in processing complex video content, yet their inference efficiency remains constrained because of the high computational cost stemming from the thousands of visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Keda Tao , Can Qin , Haoxuan You , Yang Sui , Huan Wang

Token Communication (TokenCom) is a new paradigm, motivated by the recent success of Large AI Models (LAMs) and Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), where tokens serve as unified units of communication and computation, enabling…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Jingxuan Men , Mahdi Boloursaz Mashhadi , Ning Wang , Yi Ma , Mike Nilsson , Rahim Tafazolli

The scalability of video understanding models is increasingly limited by the prohibitive storage and computational costs of large-scale video datasets. While data synthesis has improved data efficiency in the image domain, its extension to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Shaobo Wang , Tianle Niu , Runkang Yang , Deshan Liu , Xu He , Zichen Wen , Conghui He , Xuming Hu , Linfeng Zhang

Unified models aim to support both understanding and generation by encoding images into discrete tokens and processing them alongside text within a single autoregressive framework. This unified design offers architectural simplicity and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Ziyao Wang , Chen Chen , Jingtao Li , Weiming Zhuang , Jiabo Huang , Ang Li , Lingjuan Lyu

Large language models have drastically changed the prospects of AI by introducing technologies for more complex natural language processing. However, current methodologies to train such LLMs require extensive resources including but not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Noel Elias , Homa Esfahanizadeh , Kaan Kale , Sriram Vishwanath , Muriel Medard

Token compression techniques have recently emerged as powerful tools for accelerating Vision Transformer (ViT) inference in computer vision. Due to the quadratic computational complexity with respect to the token sequence length, these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Phat Nguyen , Ngai-Man Cheung

In this paper we present a a deep generative model for lossy video compression. We employ a model that consists of a 3D autoencoder with a discrete latent space and an autoregressive prior used for entropy coding. Both autoencoder and prior…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-11 Amirhossein Habibian , Ties van Rozendaal , Jakub M. Tomczak , Taco S. Cohen

Visual tokenizer is a critical component for vision generation. However, the existing tokenizers often face unsatisfactory trade-off between compression ratios and reconstruction fidelity. To fill this gap, we introduce a powerful and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Shaobin Zhuang , Yiwei Guo , Canmiao Fu , Zhipeng Huang , Zeyue Tian , Xiaohui Li , Fangyikang Wang , Ying Zhang , Chen Li , Yali Wang

Vision Transformers (ViT) have emerged as the de-facto choice for numerous industry grade vision solutions. But their inference cost can be prohibitive for many settings, as they compute self-attention in each layer which suffers from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Rajat Koner , Gagan Jain , Prateek Jain , Volker Tresp , Sujoy Paul