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We present Ethics Readiness Levels (ERLs), a four-level, iterative method to track how ethical reflection is implemented in the design of AI systems. ERLs bridge high-level ethical principles and everyday engineering by turning ethical…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Laurynas Adomaitis , Vincent Israel-Jost , Alexei Grinbaum

Autonomous and intelligent systems (AIS) facilitate a wide range of beneficial applications across a variety of different domains. However, technical characteristics such as unpredictability and lack of transparency, as well as potential…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Lukas D. Pöhler , Klaus Diepold , Wendell Wallach

Generative AI systems produce a range of risks. To ensure the safety of generative AI systems, these risks must be evaluated. In this paper, we make two main contributions toward establishing such evaluations. First, we propose a…

Shifting the focus from principles to practical implementation, responsible artificial intelligence (AI) has garnered considerable attention across academia, industry, and society at large. Despite being in its nascent stages, this emerging…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Yi Zhang , Mengjia Wu , Guangquan Zhang , Jie Lu

This paper examines the intricate interplay among AI safety, security, and governance by integrating technical systems engineering with principles of moral imagination and ethical philosophy. Drawing on foundational insights from Weapons of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-11 Krti Tallam

The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence, from task-specific systems to foundation models exhibiting broad, flexible competence across reasoning, creative synthesis, and social interaction, has outpaced the conceptual and governance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Huansheng Ning , Jianguo Ding

Organizations including companies, nonprofits, governments, and academic institutions are increasingly developing, deploying, and utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) tools. Responsible AI (RAI) governance approaches at organizations have…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Emily Hadley , Alan Blatecky , Megan Comfort

This chapter argues for a structural injustice approach to the governance of AI. Structural injustice has an analytical and an evaluative component. The analytical component consists of structural explanations that are well-known in the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Johannes Himmelreich , Désirée Lim

The convergence of artificial intelligence, cyber-physical systems, and cross-enterprise data ecosystems has propelled industrial intelligence to unprecedented scales. Yet, the absence of a unified trust foundation across data, services,…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Hailiang Zhao , Ziqi Wang , Daojiang Hu , Zhiwei Ling , Wenzhuo Qian , Jiahui Zhai , Yuhao Yang , Zhipeng Gao , Mingyi Liu , Kai Di , Xinkui Zhao , Zhongjie Wang , Jianwei Yin , MengChu Zhou , Shuiguang Deng

The popularisation of applying AI in businesses poses significant challenges relating to ethical principles, governance, and legal compliance. Although businesses have embedded AI into their day-to-day processes, they lack a unified…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Haocheng Lin

As artificial intelligence continues its unprecedented global expansion, accompanied by a proliferation of benefits, an increasing apprehension about the privacy and security implications of AI-enabled systems emerges. The pivotal question…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Daria Korobenko , Anastasija Nikiforova , Rajesh Sharma

As artificial intelligence transforms public sector operations, governments struggle to integrate technological innovations into coherent systems for effective service delivery. This paper introduces the Algorithmic State Architecture…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Zeynep Engin , Jon Crowcroft , David Hand , Philip Treleaven

The implementation of responsible AI in an organization is inherently complex due to the involvement of multiple stakeholders, each with their unique set of goals and responsibilities across the entire AI lifecycle. These responsibilities…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Blaine Kuehnert , Rachel M. Kim , Jodi Forlizzi , Hoda Heidari

The emergence of artificial intelligence and digitization of the power grid introduced numerous effective application scenarios for AI-based services for the smart grid. Nevertheless, adopting AI in critical infrastructures presents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Anna Volkova , Mahdieh Hatamian , Alina Anapyanova , Hermann de Meer

This paper presents Social data and knowledge collective intelligence platform for TRaining Ethical AI Models (STREAM) to address the challenge of aligning AI models with human moral values, and to provide ethics datasets and knowledge…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Yuwei Wang , Enmeng Lu , Zizhe Ruan , Yao Liang , Yi Zeng

Modern artificial intelligence governance lacks a formal, enforceable mechanism for determining whether a given AI system is legally permitted to operate in a specific domain and jurisdiction. Existing tools such as model cards, audits, and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Daniel Djan Saparning

Artificial intelligence (AI) research is routinely criticized for its real and potential impacts on society, and we lack adequate institutional responses to this criticism and to the responsibility that it reflects. AI research often falls…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Michael S. Bernstein , Margaret Levi , David Magnus , Betsy Rajala , Debra Satz , Charla Waeiss

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly placed in positions where their decisions have real consequences, e.g., moderating online spaces, conducting research, and advising on policy. Ensuring they operate in a safe and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Joel Z. Leibo , Alexander Sasha Vezhnevets , William A. Cunningham , Sébastien Krier , Manfred Diaz , Simon Osindero

Algorithmic decision support is increasingly used in a whole array of different contexts and structures in various areas of society, influencing many people's lives. Its use raises questions, among others, about accountability, transparency…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Angelika Adensamer , Rita Gsenger , Lukas Daniel Klausner

Autonomous mechanisms have been proposed to regulate certain aspects of society and are already being used to regulate business organisations. We take seriously recent proposals for algorithmic regulation of society, and we identify the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-05-01 Nello Cristianini , Teresa Scantamburlo
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