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Despite the potential of online sharing economy platforms such as Uber, Lyft, or Foodora to democratize the labor market, these services are often accused of fostering unfair working conditions and low wages. These problems have been…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-09-01 Eszter Bokányi , Anikó Hannák

Spatial distribution of the human population is distinctly heterogeneous, e.g. showing significant difference in the population density between urban and rural areas. In the historical perspective, i.e. on the timescale of centuries, the…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2022-08-30 Anna Zincenko , Sergei Petrovskii , Vitaly Volpert

In Evolutionary game theory the payoffs are typically fixed or shaped by external environmental variables. Here, we introduce an endogenous-feedback model in which the game played coevolves directly with the population state: the payoff…

Correlations between high life expectancy and low lifespan inequality are frequently observed. A recent article seeks to explain this phenomenon by proposing that a mortality improvement maps to life expectancy and relative lifespan…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2020-11-23 M. J. Wensink

Fighting against climate change is a global challenge shared by nations with heterogeneous economical resources and individuals with diverse propensity for cooperation. However, we lack a clear understanding of the role of key factors such…

Societal transformations are necessary to address critical global challenges, such as mitigation of anthropogenic climate change and reaching UN sustainable development goals. Recently, social tipping processes have received increased…

This paper investigates the emergence of wealth inequality through a minimalist kinetic exchange model that incorporates two fundamental economic features: fixed-amount transactions and hard budget constraints. In contrast to the maximum…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-11-12 Jihyuan Liuh

The evolution of cooperation among unrelated individuals in human and animal societies remains a challenging issue across disciplines. It is an important subject also in the evolutionary game theory to research how cooperation arises. The…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-10-23 Norihito Toyota

In most professional sports, the structure of the environment is kept neutral so that scoring imbalances may be attributed to differences in team skill. It thus remains unknown what impact structural heterogeneities can have on scoring…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-11-04 Sears Merritt , Aaron Clauset

Several scientific studies have reported the existence of the income gap among rideshare drivers based on demographic factors such as gender, age, race, etc. In this paper, we study the income inequality among rideshare drivers due to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Yifan Xu , Pan Xu

Introducing environmental feedback into evolutionary game theory has led to the development of eco-evolutionary games, which have gained popularity due to their ability to capture the intricate interplay between the environment and…

Biological Physics · Physics 2023-08-08 Changyan Di , Qingguo Zhou , Jun Shen , Jinqiang Wang , Rui Zhou , Tianyi Wang

The terrestrial water cycle links the soil and atmosphere moisture reservoirs through four fluxes: precipitation, evaporation, runoff, and atmospheric moisture convergence (net import of water vapor to balance runoff). Each of these…

Transportation systems can be conceptualized as an instrument of spreading people and resources over the territory, playing an important role in developing sustainable cities. The current rationale of transport provision is based on…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-08-05 J. Siqueira-Gay , M. A. Giannotti , M. Sester

We consider the concept of mutual information in ecological networks, and use this idea to analyse the Tangled Nature model of co-evolution. We show that this measure of correlation has two distinct behaviours depending on how we define the…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2009-11-02 Dominic Jones , Henrik Jeldtoft Jensen , Paolo Sibani

Tipping points associated with bifurcations (B-tipping) or induced by noise (N-tipping) are recognized mechanisms that may potentially lead to sudden climate change. We focus here a novel class of tipping points, where a sufficiently rapid…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2013-02-14 Peter Ashwin , Sebastian Wieczorek , Renato Vitolo , Peter Cox

In ecological systems heterogeneous interactions between pathogens take place simultaneously. This occurs, for instance, when two pathogens cooperate, while at the same time multiple strains of these pathogens co-circulate and compete.…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-05-05 Francesco Pinotti , Fakhteh Ghanbarnejad , Philipp Hövel , Chiara Poletto

This paper synthesizes evidence on climate change impacts specific to U.S. populations. We develop an apples-to-apples comparison of econometric studies that empirically estimate the relationship between climate change and gross domestic…

Income redistribution is the transfer of income from some individuals to others directly or indirectly by means of social mechanisms, such as taxation, public services and so on. Employing a spatial public goods game, we study the influence…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-03-08 Zhenhua Pei , Baokui Wang , Jinming Du

Algorithmic fairness has emerged as a central issue in ML, and it has become standard practice to adjust ML algorithms so that they will satisfy fairness requirements such as Equal Opportunity. In this paper we consider the effects of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Ronen Gradwohl , Eilam Shapira , Moshe Tennenholtz

Predicting competitive outcomes typically requires fitting dynamical models to data, from which interaction strengths and coexistence indicators such as invasion criteria can be produced. Methods that allow to propagate parameter…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-04-10 Matthieu Paquet , Frédéric Barraquand