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The presence of light thermally coupled dark matter affects early expansion history and production of light elements during the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. Specifically, dark matter that annihilates into Standard Model particles can modify…
The Bose-Einstein condensation of bound pairs made of oppositely charged fermions in a magnetic field is investigated. We find that the condensation temperature shows the magnetic catalysis effect in weak coupling and the inverse magnetic…
The changes in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) spectrum seen as an increase of temperature due to a strong magnetic field are determined and their influence on the polarization of the radiation is exhibited. The effect is due to the…
The thermal emission from isolated neutron stars is not well understood. The X-ray spectrum is very close to a blackbody but there is a systematic optical excess flux with respect to the extrapolation to low energy of the best blackbody…
Extremely strong magnetic fields change the vacuum index of refraction. Although this polarization dependent effect is small for typical neutron stars, it is large enough to decouple the polarization states of photons traveling within the…
We study the effect of magnetic field on the dominant neutrino emission processes in neutron stars.The processes are first calculated for the case when the magnetic field does not exceed the critical value to confine electrons to the lowest…
Based upon thermodynamic ideas, two new derivations of the Planck blackbody spectrum are given within classical physics which includes classical zero-point radiation. The first and second laws of thermodynamics, applied to a harmonic…
We discuss the evolution of linear perturbations in a quintessence model in which the scalar field is non-minimally coupled to cold dark matter. We consider the effects of this coupling on both cosmic microwave background temperature…
The effect of strong quantizing magnetic field on the equation of state of matter at the outer crust region of magnetars is studied. The density of such matter is low enough compared to the matter density at the inner crust or outer core…
Recent observations show that the thermal X-ray spectra of many isolated neutron stars are featureless and in some cases (e.g., RX J1856.5-3754) well fit by a blackbody. Such a perfect blackbody spectrum is puzzling since radiative…
We consider the effects of vacuum polarization and proton cyclotron resonances on the propagation of radiation through a strongly magnetized plasma. We analyze the conditions under which the photons evolve adiabatically through the resonant…
Relativistic reconnection has been invoked as a mechanism for particle acceleration in numerous astrophysical systems. According to idealised analytical models reconnection produces a bulk relativistic outflow emerging from the reconnection…
It is widely believed that Lorentz symmetry of physical vacuum is broken near the Planck scale. Here we show that recently demonstrated "hyperbolic metamaterial" behaviour of vacuum in a strong magnetic field provides us with an interesting…
We consider the role of the zero-point energy of a quantum field in cosmology and show that the flow of trans-planckian momenta due to redshift acts as a source for this energy, regularized with a cut-off Lambda in physical momenta. In…
We investigate the possible occurrence of a Bose-Einstein condensed phase of matter within neutron stars due to the formation of Cooper pairs among the superfluid neutrons. To this end we study the condensation of bosonic particles under…
We present a new mechanism to condense a scalar field coupled to the Gauss-Bonnet term. We propose a scenario in which the condensed state will emerge from the background energy density in the late-Universe. During the radiation and…
We study the neutrino interaction rates in hot matter at high densities in the presence of uniform magnetic field. The neutrino cross-sections involving both the charged current absorption and neutral current scattering reactions on baryons…
Starting from an analogy between the Planck-Einstein scale and the dual length scales in Ginzburg-Landau theory of superconductivity, and assuming that space-time is a condensate of neutral fermionic particles with Planck mass, we derive…
We study the statistical mechanics of the early radiation dominated universe in the context of a generalized uncertainty principle which supports the existence of a minimal length scale. Utilizing the resultant modified thermodynamical…
For an arbitrary quantum field in flat space with a planar boundary, an entropy of entanglement, associated with correlations across the boundary, is present when the field is in its vacuum state. The vacuum state of the same quantum field…