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Reasoning segmentation aims to segment target objects in complex scenes based on human intent and spatial reasoning. While recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive 2D image reasoning segmentation,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Jiaxin Huang , Runnan Chen , Ziwen Li , Zhengqing Gao , Xiao He , Yandong Guo , Mingming Gong , Tongliang Liu

Precise spatial understanding from multi-view images remains a fundamental challenge for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), as their visual representations are predominantly semantic and lack explicit geometric grounding. While…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Chanyoung Gwak , Yoonwoo Jeong , Byungwoo Jeon , Hyunseok Lee , Jinwoo Shin , Minsu Cho

Vision-language models (VLMs) struggle with 3D-related tasks such as spatial cognition and physical understanding, which are crucial for real-world applications like robotics and embodied agents. We attribute this to a modality gap between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Yifan Liu , Fangneng Zhan , Kaichen Zhou , Yilun Du , Paul Pu Liang , Hanspeter Pfister

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) excel at 2D tasks such as grounding and captioning, yet remain limited in 3D understanding. A key limitation is their text-only supervision paradigm, which under-constrains fine-grained visual perception and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Hanxun Yu , Xuan Qu , Yuxin Wang , Jianke Zhu , Lei Ke

Reasoning about spatial relationships between objects is essential for many real-world robotic tasks, such as fetch-and-delivery, object rearrangement, and object search. The ability to detect and disambiguate different objects and identify…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Negar Nejatishahidin , Madhukar Reddy Vongala , Jana Kosecka

In this paper, we address the challenging problem of 3D concept grounding (i.e. segmenting and learning visual concepts) by looking at RGBD images and reasoning about paired questions and answers. Existing visual reasoning approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-14 Yining Hong , Yilun Du , Chunru Lin , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Chuang Gan

Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have significantly enhanced performance on 2D visual tasks. However, improving their spatial intelligence remains a challenge. Existing 3D MLLMs always rely on additional 3D or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Diankun Wu , Fangfu Liu , Yi-Hsin Hung , Yueqi Duan

This review provides a systematic analysis of comprehensive survey of 3D object detection with vision-language models(VLMs) , a rapidly advancing area at the intersection of 3D vision and multimodal AI. By examining over 100 research…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Ranjan Sapkota , Konstantinos I Roumeliotis , Rahul Harsha Cheppally , Marco Flores Calero , Manoj Karkee

Visual Language Models (VLMs) are essential for various tasks, particularly visual reasoning tasks, due to their robust multi-modal information integration, visual reasoning capabilities, and contextual awareness. However, existing \VLMs{}'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Zaiqiao Meng , Hao Zhou , Yifang Chen

3D Visual Grounding (3DVG) is a critical bridge from vision-language perception to robotics, requiring both language understanding and 3D scene reasoning. Traditional supervised models leverage explicit 3D geometry but exhibit limited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Seongmin Jung , Seongho Choi , Gunwoo Jeon , Minsu Cho , Jongwoo Lim

3D Visual Grounding (3DVG) aims to localize objects in 3D scenes using natural language descriptions. Although supervised methods achieve higher accuracy in constrained settings, zero-shot 3DVG holds greater promise for real-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Jiawen Lin , Shiran Bian , Yihang Zhu , Wenbin Tan , Yachao Zhang , Yuan Xie , Yanyun Qu

To act in the world, a model must name what it sees and know where it is in 3D. Today's vision-language models (VLMs) excel at open-ended 2D description and grounding, yet multi-object 3D detection remains largely missing from the VLM…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Yunze Man , Shihao Wang , Guowen Zhang , Johan Bjorck , Zhiqi Li , Liang-Yan Gui , Jim Fan , Jan Kautz , Yu-Xiong Wang , Zhiding Yu

Humans naturally understand 3D spatial relationships, enabling complex reasoning like predicting collisions of vehicles from different directions. Current large multimodal models (LMMs), however, lack of this capability of 3D spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Wufei Ma , Luoxin Ye , Celso M de Melo , Jieneng Chen , Alan Yuille

In this paper, we claim that 3D visual grounding is the cornerstone of spatial reasoning and introduce the Grounded-Spatial Reasoner (GS-Reasoner) to explore the effective spatial representations that bridge the gap between them. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Yiming Chen , Zekun Qi , Wenyao Zhang , Xin Jin , Li Zhang , Peidong Liu

Large vision-language models (VLMs) have made significant strides in 2D visual understanding tasks, sparking interest in extending these capabilities to 3D scene understanding. However, current 3D VLMs often struggle with robust reasoning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Ting Huang , Zeyu Zhang , Hao Tang

With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence and robotics, the integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) with 3D vision is emerging as a transformative approach to enhancing robotic sensing technologies. This convergence enables…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Vinit Mehta , Charu Sharma , Karthick Thiyagarajan

Visual grounding refers to the ability of a model to identify a region within some visual input that matches a textual description. Consequently, a model equipped with visual grounding capabilities can target a wide range of applications in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Georgios Pantazopoulos , Eda B. Özyiğit

3D spatial understanding is essential in real-world applications such as robotics, autonomous vehicles, virtual reality, and medical imaging. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs), having demonstrated remarkable success across various…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Jirong Zha , Yuxuan Fan , Xiao Yang , Chen Gao , Xinlei Chen

Recent advances in large vision-language models (VLMs) have shown significant promise for 3D scene understanding. Existing VLM-based approaches typically align 3D scene features with the VLM's embedding space. However, this implicit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Chen Li , Eric Peh , Basura Fernando

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have shown remarkable performance on diverse visual and linguistic tasks, yet they remain fundamentally limited in their understanding of 3D spatial structures. We propose Geometric Distillation, a lightweight,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Seonho Lee , Jiho Choi , Inha Kang , Jiwook Kim , Junsung Park , Hyunjung Shim