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Vision-language models (VLMs) such as CLIP exhibit strong Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection capabilities by aligning visual and textual representations. Recent CLIP-based test-time adaptation methods further improve detection performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Jinlun Ye , Jiang Liao , Runhe Lai , Xinhua Lu , Jiaxin Zhuang , Zhiyong Gan , Ruixuan Wang

Pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs), exemplified by CLIP, demonstrate remarkable adaptability across zero-shot classification tasks without additional training. However, their performance diminishes in the presence of domain shifts.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Gustavo Adolfo Vargas Hakim , David Osowiechi , Mehrdad Noori , Milad Cheraghalikhani , Ali Bahri , Moslem Yazdanpanah , Ismail Ben Ayed , Christian Desrosiers

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) such as CLIP have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in understanding relationships between visual and textual data through joint embedding spaces. Despite their effectiveness, these models remain vulnerable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jiaming Zhang , Xin Wang , Xingjun Ma , Lingyu Qiu , Yu-Gang Jiang , Jitao Sang

Adversarial input attacks can cause a significant shift of CLIP embeddings. This can affect the downstream robustness of models incorporating CLIP in the pipeline, such as text-to-image generative models or large vision language models.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Elias Abad Rocamora , Christian Schlarmann , Naman Deep Singh , Yongtao Wu , Matthias Hein , Volkan Cevher

Despite the rapid progress in multimodal models and Large Visual-Language Models (LVLM), they remain highly susceptible to adversarial perturbations, raising serious concerns about their reliability in real-world use. While adversarial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Mujtaba Hussain Mirza , Antonio D'Orazio , Odelia Melamed , Iacopo Masi

Visual language pre-training (VLP) models have demonstrated significant success across various domains, yet they remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Addressing these adversarial vulnerabilities is crucial for enhancing security in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Dehong Kong , Siyuan Liang , Xiaopeng Zhu , Yuansheng Zhong , Wenqi Ren

Large pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) such as Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) have been shown to be susceptible to adversarial attacks, raising concerns about their deployment in safety-critical applications like…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Lin Luo , Xin Wang , Bojia Zi , Shihao Zhao , Xingjun Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang

Multimodal contrastive learning models (e.g., CLIP) can learn high-quality representations from large-scale image-text datasets, while they exhibit significant vulnerabilities to backdoor attacks, raising serious safety concerns. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Zhifang Zhang , Shuo He , Haobo Wang , Bingquan Shen , Lei Feng

Vision-language models (VLMs) like CLIP exhibit strong zero-shot capabilities but often fail to generalize under distribution shifts. Test-time adaptation (TTA) allows models to update at inference time without labeled data, typically via…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Marc Lafon , Gustavo Adolfo Vargas Hakim , Clément Rambour , Christian Desrosier , Nicolas Thome

Despite their impressive zero-shot abilities, vision-language models such as CLIP have been shown to be susceptible to adversarial attacks. To enhance its adversarial robustness, recent studies finetune the pretrained vision encoder of CLIP…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Songlong Xing , Weijie Wang , Zhengyu Zhao , Jindong Gu , Philip Torr , Nicu Sebe

This work addresses the challenge of achieving zero-shot adversarial robustness while preserving zero-shot generalization in large-scale foundation models, with a focus on the popular Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP). Although…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Fengji Ma , Li Liu , Hei Victor Cheng

Learning discriminative 3D representations that generalize well to unknown testing categories is an emerging requirement for many real-world 3D applications. Existing well-established methods often struggle to attain this goal due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Zhichuan Wang , Yang Zhou , Jinhai Xiang , Yulong Wang , Xinwei He

Multimodal Machine Learning systems, particularly those aligning text and image data like CLIP/BLIP models, have become increasingly prevalent, yet remain susceptible to adversarial attacks. While substantial research has addressed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Minh Vu , Geigh Zollicoffer , Huy Mai , Ben Nebgen , Boian Alexandrov , Manish Bhattarai

Current pre-trained vision-language models, such as CLIP, have demonstrated remarkable zero-shot generalization capabilities across various downstream tasks. However, their performance significantly degrades when test inputs exhibit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Junhui Yin , Xinyu Zhang , Lin Wu , Xiaojie Wang

As a pivotal technique for improving the defense of deep models, adversarial robustness transfer via distillation has demonstrated remarkable success in conventional image classification tasks. However, this paradigm encounters critical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xiaowei Fu , Fuxiang Huang , Lei Zhang

Real-world deployment of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) is hindered by high computational demands, as existing architectures inefficiently process all tokens uniformly. We introduce Adaptive Token Pruning (ATP), a dynamic inference mechanism…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Xue Li , Xiaonan Song , Henry Hu

This report synthesizes eight seminal papers on the zero-shot adversarial robustness of vision-language models (VLMs) like CLIP. A central challenge in this domain is the inherent trade-off between enhancing adversarial robustness and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Zane Xu , Jason Sun

Test-time adaptation (TTA) has emerged as a promising paradigm for vision-language models (VLMs) to bridge the distribution gap between pre-training and test data. Recent works have focused on backpropagation-free TTA methods that rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Zhaohong Huang , Yuxin Zhang , Wenjing Liu , Fei Chao , Rongrong Ji

Despite recent success on various tasks, deep learning techniques still perform poorly on adversarial examples with small perturbations. While optimization-based methods for adversarial attacks are well-explored in the field of computer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Lifan Yuan , Yichi Zhang , Yangyi Chen , Wei Wei

Efficiently adapting large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) like CLIP for few-shot learning poses challenges in balancing pre-trained knowledge retention and task-specific adaptation. Existing methods often overlook valuable structural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Dazhi Huang