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The large computing and memory cost of deep neural networks (DNNs) often precludes their use in resource-constrained devices. Quantizing the parameters and operations to lower bit-precision offers substantial memory and energy savings for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Clemens JS Schaefer , Siddharth Joshi , Shan Li , Raul Blazquez

Bayesian neural networks (BNNs) promise improved generalization under covariate shift by providing principled probabilistic representations of epistemic uncertainty. However, weight-based BNNs often struggle with high computational…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-13 Trung Trinh , Markus Heinonen , Luigi Acerbi , Samuel Kaski

In low-latency or mobile applications, lower computation complexity, lower memory footprint and better energy efficiency are desired. Many prior works address this need by removing redundant parameters. Parameter quantization replaces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Cheng-Chou Lan

Quantization has become a predominant approach for model compression, enabling deployment of large models trained on GPUs onto smaller form-factor devices for inference. Quantization-aware training (QAT) optimizes model parameters with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Zheng Wang , Juncheng B Li , Shuhui Qu , Florian Metze , Emma Strubell

Existing convolutional neural network architectures frequently rely upon batch normalization (BatchNorm) to effectively train the model. BatchNorm, however, performs poorly with small batch sizes, and is inapplicable to differential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Reza Nasirigerdeh , Reihaneh Torkzadehmahani , Daniel Rueckert , Georgios Kaissis

Binarized neural networks, or BNNs, show great promise in edge-side applications with resource limited hardware, but raise the concerns of reduced accuracy. Motivated by the complex neural networks, in this paper we introduce complex…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Yanfei Li , Tong Geng , Ang Li , Huimin Yu

Although deep neural networks are highly effective, their high computational and memory costs severely challenge their applications on portable devices. As a consequence, low-bit quantization, which converts a full-precision neural network…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Jiwei Yang , Xu Shen , Jun Xing , Xinmei Tian , Houqiang Li , Bing Deng , Jianqiang Huang , Xiansheng Hua

In this work we present In-Place Activated Batch Normalization (InPlace-ABN) - a novel approach to drastically reduce the training memory footprint of modern deep neural networks in a computationally efficient way. Our solution substitutes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-29 Samuel Rota Bulò , Lorenzo Porzi , Peter Kontschieder

Recurrent neural networks (RNN) are used in many real-world text and speech applications. They include complex modules such as recurrence, exponential-based activation, gate interaction, unfoldable normalization, bi-directional dependence,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Eyyüb Sari , Vanessa Courville , Vahid Partovi Nia

Quantization is a pivotal technique for managing the growing computational and memory demands of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). By reducing the number of bits used to represent weights and activations (typically from 32-bit Floating-Point…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Alberto Pirillo , Luca Colombo , Manuel Roveri

Neural networks (NNs) have been extremely successful across many tasks in machine learning. Quantization of NN weights has become an important topic due to its impact on their energy efficiency, inference time and deployment on hardware.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Burak Bartan , Mert Pilanci

Graph Neural Network (GNN) training and inference involve significant challenges of scalability with respect to both model sizes and number of layers, resulting in degradation of efficiency and accuracy for large and deep GNNs. We present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Shuang Wang , Bahaeddin Eravci , Rustam Guliyev , Hakan Ferhatosmanoglu

Quantum noise fundamentally limits the utility of near-term quantum devices, making error mitigation essential for practical quantum computation. While traditional quantum error correction codes require substantial qubit overhead and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 Karan Kendre

Quantization of the weights and activations is one of the main methods to reduce the computational footprint of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) training. Current methods enable 4-bit quantization of the forward phase. However, this constitutes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Brian Chmiel , Ron Banner , Elad Hoffer , Hilla Ben Yaacov , Daniel Soudry

Recent machine learning methods use increasingly large deep neural networks to achieve state of the art results in various tasks. The gains in performance come at the cost of a substantial increase in computation and storage requirements.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-26 Yoni Choukroun , Eli Kravchik , Fan Yang , Pavel Kisilev

Quantum Neural Networks (QNNs) have been recently proposed as generalizations of classical neural networks to achieve the quantum speed-up. Despite the potential to outperform classical models, serious bottlenecks exist for training QNNs;…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-08 Kaining Zhang , Min-Hsiu Hsieh , Liu Liu , Dacheng Tao

Fully quantized training (FQT), which uses low-bitwidth hardware by quantizing the activations, weights, and gradients of a neural network model, is a promising approach to accelerate the training of deep neural networks. One major…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Jianfei Chen , Yu Gai , Zhewei Yao , Michael W. Mahoney , Joseph E. Gonzalez

The standard normalization method for neural network (NN) models used in Natural Language Processing (NLP) is layer normalization (LN). This is different than batch normalization (BN), which is widely-adopted in Computer Vision. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Sheng Shen , Zhewei Yao , Amir Gholami , Michael W. Mahoney , Kurt Keutzer

Neural network quantization aims to accelerate and trim full-precision neural network models by using low bit approximations. Methods adopting the quantization aware training (QAT) paradigm have recently seen a rapid growth, but are often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Ke Zhu , Yin-Yin He , Jianxin Wu

Quantum Machine Learning is an emerging sub-field in machine learning where one of the goals is to perform pattern recognition tasks by encoding data into quantum states. This extension from classical to quantum domain has been made…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-18 Ankit Kulshrestha , Xiaoyuan Liu , Hayato Ushijima-Mwesigwa , Ilya Safro