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Language models (LMs) can perform complex reasoning either end-to-end, with hidden latent state, or compositionally, with transparent intermediate state. Composition offers benefits for interpretability and safety, but may need workflow…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Justin Reppert , Ben Rachbach , Charlie George , Luke Stebbing , Jungwon Byun , Maggie Appleton , Andreas Stuhlmüller

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have showcased their potential in various natural language processing tasks, including code generation. However, while significant progress has been made in adapting LLMs to generate code for several…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Erica Coppolillo , Francesco Calimeri , Giuseppe Manco , Simona Perri , Francesco Ricca

A major bottleneck in search-based program synthesis is the exponentially growing search space which makes learning large programs intractable. Humans mitigate this problem by leveraging the compositional nature of the real world: In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Jonas Witt , Sebastijan Dumančić , Tias Guns , Claus-Christian Carbon

Large language models (LLMs), when guided by explicit textual plans, can perform reliable step-by-step reasoning during problem-solving. However, generating accurate and effective textual plans remains challenging due to LLM hallucinations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Sijia Chen , Di Niu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly expected to go beyond simple factual queries toward Deep Research-tasks that require decomposing questions into sub-problems, coordinating multi-step reasoning, and synthesizing evidence from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Ziyi Xia , Kun Luo , Hongjin Qian , Zheng Liu

Assessing whether a molecule can be synthesised is a primary task in drug discovery. It enables computational chemists to filter for viable compounds or bias molecular generative models. The notion of synthesisability is dynamic as it…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-04-15 Antonia Calvi , Théophile Gaudin , Dominik Miketa , Dominique Sydow , Liam Wilbraham

Producing accurate software models is crucial in model-driven software engineering (MDE). However, modeling complex systems is an error-prone task that requires deep application domain knowledge. In the past decade, several automated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Vittoriano Muttillo , Claudio Di Sipio , Riccardo Rubei , Luca Berardinelli , MohammadHadi Dehghani

Mathematical reasoning remains challenging for LLMs due to complex logic and the need for precise computation. Existing methods enhance LLM reasoning by synthesizing datasets through problem rephrasing, but face issues with generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Lei Xu , Sirui Chen , Yuxuan Huang , Chaochao Lu

Plan synthesis aims to generate a course of actions or policies to transit given initial states to goal states, provided domain models that could be designed by experts or learnt from training data or interactions with the world. Intrigued…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Hankz Hankui Zhuo , Xin Chen , Rong Pan

Current inference scaling methods, such as Self-consistency and Best-of-N, have proven effective in improving the accuracy of LLMs on complex reasoning tasks. However, these methods rely heavily on the quality of candidate responses and are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Bohan Zhang , Xiaokang Zhang , Jing Zhang , Jifan Yu , Sijia Luo , Jie Tang

Data center (DC) infrastructure serves as the backbone to support the escalating demand for computing capacity. Traditional design methodologies that blend human expertise with specialized simulation tools scale poorly with the increasing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Minghao LI , Ruihang Wang , Rui Tan , Yonggang Wen

We present \synver{}, a novel synthesis and verification framework for C programs, that deploys a Large Language Model (LLM) to search for a candidate program that satisfies the given specification. Our key idea is to impose syntactic and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Prasita Mukherjee , Benjamin Delaware

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance on general-purpose tasks, yet adapting them to specific domains remains challenging due to the scarcity of high-quality domain data. Existing data synthesis tools often struggle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Ziyang Miao , Qiyu Sun , Jingyuan Wang , Yuchen Gong , Yaowei Zheng , Shiqi Li , Richong Zhang

Synthesis planning is the process of recursively decomposing target molecules into available precursors. Computer-aided retrosynthesis can potentially assist chemists in designing synthetic routes, but at present it is cumbersome and…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2019-07-04 Shuangjia Zheng , Jiahua Rao , Zhongyue Zhang , Jun Xu , Yuedong Yang

Automated data preparation is crucial for democratizing machine learning, yet existing reinforcement learning (RL) based approaches suffer from inefficient exploration in the vast space of possible preprocessing pipelines. We present…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Jing Chang , Chang Liu , Jinbin Huang , Rui Mao , Jianbin Qin

Retrosynthesis analysis is pivotal yet challenging in drug discovery and organic chemistry. Despite the proliferation of computational tools over the past decade, AI-based systems often fall short in generalizing across diverse reaction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Yifei Yang , Runhan Shi , Zuchao Li , Shu Jiang , Bao-Liang Lu , Yang Yang , Hai Zhao

Retrosynthesis planning enables the discovery of viable synthetic routes for target molecules, playing a crucial role in domains like drug discovery and materials design. Multi-step retrosynthetic planning remains computationally…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Xiaozhuang Song , Xuanhao Pan , Xinjian Zhao , Hangting Ye , Shufei Zhang , Jian Tang , Tianshu Yu

In this paper, we propose a novel system that integrates state-of-the-art, domain-specific large language models with advanced information retrieval techniques to deliver comprehensive and context-aware responses. Our approach facilitates…

Large language models (LLMs) have become a dominant and important tool for NLP researchers in a wide range of tasks. Today, many researchers use LLMs in synthetic data generation, task evaluation, fine-tuning, distillation, and other…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Ajay Patel , Colin Raffel , Chris Callison-Burch

Large language models (LLMs) are often augmented with tools to solve complex tasks. By generating code snippets and executing them through task-specific Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), they can offload certain functions to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Lifan Yuan , Yangyi Chen , Xingyao Wang , Yi R. Fung , Hao Peng , Heng Ji