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Graph neural networks (GNNs) are typically applied to static graphs that are assumed to be known upfront. This static input structure is often informed purely by insight of the machine learning practitioner, and might not be optimal for the…

We demonstrate that a single training trajectory can transform a graph neural network into an unsupervised heuristic for combinatorial optimization. Focusing on the Travelling Salesman Problem, we show that encoding global structural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yimeng Min , Carla P. Gomes

In this work, a neural network is trained to replicate the code that trains it using only its own output as input. A paradigm for evolutionary self-replication in neural programs is introduced, where program parameters are mutated, and the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Samuel Schmidgall

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are powerful machine learning models for various graph learning tasks. Recently, the limitations of the expressive power of various GNN models have been revealed. For example, GNNs cannot distinguish some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Ryoma Sato , Makoto Yamada , Hisashi Kashima

We propose and study Hierarchical Ego Graph Neural Networks (HEGNNs), an expressive extension of graph neural networks (GNNs) with hierarchical node individualization, inspired by the Individualization-Refinement paradigm for isomorphism…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Arie Soeteman , Balder ten Cate

Graph neural networks (GNNs) model nonlinear representations in graph data with applications in distributed agent coordination, control, and planning among others. Current GNN architectures assume ideal scenarios and ignore link…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-01 Zhan Gao , Elvin Isufi , Alejandro Ribeiro

Graph neural network (GNN) has gained increasing popularity in recent years owing to its capability and flexibility in modeling complex graph structure data. Among all graph learning methods, hypergraph learning is a technique for exploring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Tiehua Zhang , Yuze Liu , Zhishu Shen , Xingjun Ma , Peng Qi , Zhijun Ding , Jiong Jin

Continual learning could shift the machine learning paradigm from data centric to model centric. A continual learning model needs to scale efficiently to handle semantically different datasets, while avoiding unnecessary growth. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Ahmad Berjaoui

Despite their claimed biological plausibility, most self organizing networks have strict topological constraints and consequently they cannot take into account a wide range of external stimuli. Furthermore their evolution is conditioned by…

General Physics · Physics 2010-04-26 Ignazio Licata , Luigi Lella

In this paper, we propose Graph Retention Networks (GRNs) as a unified architecture for deep learning on dynamic graphs. The GRN extends the concept of retention into dynamic graph data as graph retention, equipping the model with three key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Qian Chang , Xia Li , Xiufeng Cheng , Runsong Jia , Jinqing Yang , Guoping Hu , Ciprian Doru Giurcaneanu

In real-world applications, spectral Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are powerful tools for processing diverse types of graphs. However, a single GNN often struggles to handle different graph types-such as homogeneous and heterogeneous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Shibing Mo , Kai Wu , Qixuan Gao , Xiangyi Teng , Jing Liu

Self-supervised auto-encoders have emerged as a successful framework for representation learning in computer vision and natural language processing in recent years, However, their application to graph data has been met with limited…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Chengyu Sun

Graph neural networks (GNNs) appear to be powerful tools to learn state representations for agents in distributed, decentralized multi-agent systems, but generate catastrophically incorrect predictions when nodes update asynchronously…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Olga Solodova , Nick Richardson , Deniz Oktay , Ryan P. Adams

We investigate the representation power of graph neural networks in the semi-supervised node classification task under heterophily or low homophily, i.e., in networks where connected nodes may have different class labels and dissimilar…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Jiong Zhu , Yujun Yan , Lingxiao Zhao , Mark Heimann , Leman Akoglu , Danai Koutra

Biological neurons exhibit remarkable intelligence: they maintain internal states, communicate selectively with other neurons, and self-organize into complex graphs rather than rigid hierarchical layers. What if artificial intelligence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Antoine Salomon

Graph convolutional neural networks (GCNs) generalize tradition convolutional neural networks (CNNs) from low-dimensional regular graphs (e.g., image) to high dimensional irregular graphs (e.g., text documents on word embeddings). Due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Mehrnaz Najafi , Philip S. Yu

Graph neural networks (GNNs) achieve strong performance on graph learning tasks, but training on large-scale networks remains computationally challenging. Transferability results show that GNNs with fixed weights can generalize from smaller…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-17 Haoyu Wang , Renyuan Ma , Gonzalo Mateos , Luana Ruiz

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been extensively studied for prediction tasks on graphs. As pointed out by recent studies, most GNNs assume local homophily, i.e., strong similarities in local neighborhoods. This assumption however limits…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-04 Sean Li , Dongwoo Kim , Qing Wang

Graph neural networks (GNNs), consisting of a cascade of layers applying a graph convolution followed by a pointwise nonlinearity, have become a powerful architecture to process signals supported on graphs. Graph convolutions (and thus,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Fernando Gama , Joan Bruna , Alejandro Ribeiro

The inference of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) is a foundational stride towards deciphering the fundamentals of complex biological systems. Inferring a possible regulatory link between two genes can be formulated as a link prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Binon Teji , Swarup Roy