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Federated learning is a promising privacy-preserving paradigm for distributed machine learning. In this context, there is sometimes a need for a specialized process called machine unlearning, which is required when the effect of some…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Heng Xu , Tianqing Zhu , Lefeng Zhang , Wanlei Zhou , Philip S. Yu

Image generation models (IGMs), while capable of producing impressive and creative content, often memorize a wide range of undesirable concepts from their training data, leading to the reproduction of unsafe content such as NSFW imagery and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Renyang Liu , Kangjie Chen , Han Qiu , Jie Zhang , Kwok-Yan Lam , Tianwei Zhang , See-Kiong Ng

Recent masked diffusion language models (MDLMs), such as LLaDA and Dream, have achieved performance comparable to autoregressive large language models. Unlike autoregressive models, which generate text sequentially, MDLMs generate text by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Georu Lee , Seungwon Jeong , Hoki Kim , Jinseong Park , Woojin Lee

Machine unlearning aims to remove sensitive or undesired data from large language models. However, recent studies suggest that unlearning is often shallow, claiming that removed knowledge can easily be recovered. In this work, we critically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Zhili Feng , Yixuan Even Xu , Alexander Robey , Robert Kirk , Xander Davies , Yarin Gal , Avi Schwarzschild , J. Zico Kolter

Pretrained language models memorize vast amounts of information, including private and copyrighted data, raising significant safety concerns. Retraining these models after excluding sensitive data is prohibitively expensive, making machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Minseok Choi , Kyunghyun Min , Jaegul Choo

Machine unlearning is a process to remove specific data points from a trained model while maintaining the performance on the retain data, addressing privacy or legal requirements. Despite its importance, existing unlearning evaluations tend…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yongwoo Kim , Sungmin Cha , Donghyun Kim

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable advancements, drawing significant attention from the research community. Their capabilities are largely attributed to large-scale architectures, which require extensive…

Knowledge erasure in large language models (LLMs) is important for ensuring compliance with data and AI regulations, safeguarding user privacy, mitigating bias, and misinformation. Existing unlearning methods aim to make the process of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Yash Sinha , Manit Baser , Murari Mandal , Dinil Mon Divakaran , Mohan Kankanhalli

Today, computer systems hold large amounts of personal data. Yet while such an abundance of data allows breakthroughs in artificial intelligence, and especially machine learning (ML), its existence can be a threat to user privacy, and it…

The current trend in data regulation requirements and privacy-preserving machine learning has emphasized the importance of machine unlearning. The naive approach to unlearning training data by retraining over the complement of the forget…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Junaid Iqbal Khan

Machine unlearning -- efficiently removing the effect of a small "forget set" of training data on a pre-trained machine learning model -- has recently attracted significant research interest. Despite this interest, however, recent work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Kristian Georgiev , Roy Rinberg , Sung Min Park , Shivam Garg , Andrew Ilyas , Aleksander Madry , Seth Neel

Robust unlearning is crucial for safely deploying large language models (LLMs) in environments where data privacy, model safety, and regulatory compliance must be ensured. Yet the task is inherently challenging, partly due to difficulties…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Vineeth Dorna , Anmol Mekala , Wenlong Zhao , Andrew McCallum , Zachary C. Lipton , J. Zico Kolter , Pratyush Maini

Sequential recommendation (SR) aims to capture users' dynamic interests and sequential patterns based on their historical interactions. Recently, the powerful capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have driven their adoption in SR.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Yuhao Wang , Junwei Pan , Xinhang Li , Maolin Wang , Yuan Wang , Yue Liu , Dapeng Liu , Jie Jiang , Xiangyu Zhao

While Code Language Models (CLMs) have demonstrated superior performance in software engineering tasks such as code generation and summarization, recent empirical studies reveal a critical privacy vulnerability: these models exhibit…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Zhaoyang Chu , Yao Wan , Zhikun Zhang , Di Wang , Zhou Yang , Hongyu Zhang , Pan Zhou , Xuanhua Shi , Hai Jin , David Lo

Large Language Models (LLMs) deployed in real-world settings increasingly face the need to unlearn sensitive, outdated, or proprietary information. Existing unlearning methods typically formulate forgetting and retention as a regularized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Taha Entesari , Arman Hatami , Rinat Khaziev , Anil Ramakrishna , Mahyar Fazlyab

Recent advancements in LLMs unlearning have shown remarkable success in removing unwanted data-model influences while preserving the model's utility for legitimate knowledge. Despite these strides, sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) LLMs--a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Haomin Zhuang , Yihua Zhang , Kehan Guo , Jinghan Jia , Gaowen Liu , Sijia Liu , Xiangliang Zhang

Large Language Models increasingly possess capabilities that carry dual-use risks. While data filtering has emerged as a pretraining-time mitigation, it faces significant challenges: labeling whether data is harmful is expensive at scale,…

Large language model (LLM) unlearning is critical in real-world applications where it is necessary to efficiently remove the influence of private, copyrighted, or harmful data from some users. Existing utility-centric unlearning metrics…

Unlearning in large language models (LLMs) is critical for regulatory compliance and for building ethical generative AI systems that avoid producing private, toxic, illegal, or copyrighted content. Despite rapid progress, in this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Hadi Reisizadeh , Jiajun Ruan , Yiwei Chen , Soumyadeep Pal , Sijia Liu , Mingyi Hong

As Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly shape online content, removing targeted information from well-trained LLMs (also known as LLM unlearning) has become critical for web governance. A key challenge lies in sample-wise imbalance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Pengyang Shao , Naixin Zhai , Lei Chen , Yonghui Yang , Fengbin Zhu , Xun Yang , Meng Wang
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