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Large language models (LLMs) demand substantial computational and memory resources, posing challenges for efficient deployment. Two complementary approaches have emerged to address these issues: token-adaptive layer execution, which reduces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Kanghyun Noh , Jinheon Choi , Yulhwa Kim

This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of large language models (LLM) architectures and strategies for "complex" question-answering with a focus on hybrid architectures. LLM based chatbot services have allowed anyone to grasp the potential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Xavier Daull , Patrice Bellot , Emmanuel Bruno , Vincent Martin , Elisabeth Murisasco

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success across a wide range of language tasks, but their deployment on edge devices remains challenging due to the substantial memory requirements imposed by their large parameter…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Zihan Chen , Bike Xie , Jundong Li , Cong Shen

In this paper, we propose StableQuant, a novel adaptive post-training quantization (PTQ) algorithm for widely used speech foundation models (SFMs). While PTQ has been successfully employed for compressing large language models (LLMs) due to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-22 Yeona Hong , Hyewon Han , Woo-jin Chung , Hong-Goo Kang

We present QuantX: a tailored suite of recipes for LLM and VLM quantization. It is capable of quantizing down to 3-bit resolutions with minimal loss in performance. The quantization strategies in QuantX take into account hardware-specific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Muhammad Ahmad , Khurram Mazher , Saqib Akram , Ahmad Tameem , Saad Bin Nasir

One of the primary challenges in optimizing large language models (LLMs) for long-context inference lies in the high memory consumption of the Key-Value (KV) cache. Existing approaches, such as quantization, have demonstrated promising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Wei Tao , Haocheng Lu , Xiaoyang Qu , Bin Zhang , Kai Lu , Jiguang Wan , Jianzong Wang

To enable broader deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs), it is essential to identify the best-performing model under strict memory constraints. We present AMQ, Automated Mixed-Precision Weight-Only Quantization, a framework that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Sangjun Lee , Seung-taek Woo , Jungyu Jin , Changhun Lee , Eunhyeok Park

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been emerging as prominent AI models for solving many natural language tasks due to their high performance (e.g., accuracy) and capabilities in generating high-quality responses to the given inputs.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Rachmad Vidya Wicaksana Putra , Pasindu Wickramasinghe , Muhammad Shafique

Layer-wise PTQ is a promising technique for compressing large language models (LLMs), due to its simplicity and effectiveness without requiring retraining. However, recent progress in this area is saturating, underscoring the need to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Yamato Arai , Yuma Ichikawa

Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant deployment challenges due to their substantial resource requirements. While low-bit quantized weights can reduce memory usage and improve inference efficiency, current hardware lacks native…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Pengxiang Zhao , Xiaoming Yuan

LLMs are seeing growing use for applications which require large context windows, and with these large context windows KV cache activations surface as the dominant contributor to memory consumption during inference. Quantization is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Coleman Hooper , Sehoon Kim , Hiva Mohammadzadeh , Michael W. Mahoney , Yakun Sophia Shao , Kurt Keutzer , Amir Gholami

Recent works on compression of large language models (LLM) using quantization considered reparameterizing the architecture such that weights are distributed on the sphere. This demonstratively improves the ability to quantize by increasing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Tycho F. A. van der Ouderaa , Maximilian L. Croci , Agrin Hilmkil , James Hensman

Deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) has major computational costs, due to their rapidly expanding size. Compression of LLMs reduces the memory footprint, latency, and energy required for their inference. Post-training Quantization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Ali Edalati , Alireza Ghaffari , Mahsa Ghazvini Nejad , Lu Hou , Boxing Chen , Masoud Asgharian , Vahid Partovi Nia

Many LLM applications require only narrow capabilities, yet standard post-training quantization (PTQ) methods allocate precision without considering the target task. This can waste bits on layers that are less relevant to the task signal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Amit LeVi , Raz Lapid , Rom Himelstein , Chaim Baskin , Ravid Shwartz Ziv , Avi Mendelson

Large Language Models are susceptible to jailbreak attacks that bypass built-in safety guardrails (e.g., by tricking the model with adversarial prompts). We propose Concept Alignment and Concept Manipulation CALM, an inference-time method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Ruben Belo , Marta Guimaraes , Claudia Soares

Large language models (LLMs) face the challenges in fine-tuning and deployment due to their high memory demands and computational costs. While parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods aim to reduce the memory usage of the optimizer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Jeonghoon Kim , Jung Hyun Lee , Sungdong Kim , Joonsuk Park , Kang Min Yoo , Se Jung Kwon , Dongsoo Lee

Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) has emerged as an effective technique for alleviating the substantial computational and memory overheads of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) by compressing both weights and activations without retraining the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Chenwei Jia , Baoting Li , Xuchong Zhang , Mingzhuo Wei , Bochen Lin , Hongbin Sun

With the commercialization of large language models (LLMs), weight-activation quantization has emerged to compress and accelerate LLMs, achieving high throughput while reducing inference costs. However, existing post-training quantization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Jung Hyun Lee , Jeonghoon Kim , June Yong Yang , Se Jung Kwon , Eunho Yang , Kang Min Yoo , Dongsoo Lee

Existing post-training quantization methods for large language models (LLMs) offer remarkable success. However, the increasingly marginal performance gains suggest that existing quantization strategies are insufficient to support the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Jiaqi Zhao , Miao Zhang , Deng Xiang , Ming Li , Weili Guan , Liqiang Nie

It is critical to deploy complicated neural network models on hardware with limited resources. This paper proposes a novel model quantization method, named the Low-Cost Proxy-Based Adaptive Mixed-Precision Model Quantization (LCPAQ), which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Junzhe Chen , Qiao Yang , Senmao Tian , Shunli Zhang
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