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To meet strict Service-Level Objectives (SLOs),contemporary Large Language Models (LLMs) decouple the prefill and decoding stages and place them on separate GPUs to mitigate the distinct bottlenecks inherent to each phase. However, the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Junhan Liao , Minxian Xu , Wanyi Zheng , Yan Wang , Kejiang Ye , Rajkumar Buyya , Chengzhong Xu

The integration of dynamic, sparse structures like Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) with parameter-efficient adapters (e.g., LoRA) is a powerful technique for enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs). However, this architectural enhancement comes at…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Qiyang Li , Rui Kong , Yuchen Li , Hengyi Cai , Shuaiqiang Wang , Linghe Kong , Guihai Chen , Dawei Yin

Recently, Diffusion Large Language Models (DLLMs) have offered high throughput and effective sequential reasoning, making them a competitive alternative to autoregressive LLMs (ALLMs). However, parallel decoding, which enables simultaneous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Qiguang Chen , Hanjing Li , Libo Qin , Dengyun Peng , Jinhao Liu , Jiangyi Wang , Chengyue Wu , Xie Chen , Yantao Du , Wanxiang Che

The increasing scale and complexity of large language models (LLMs) pose significant inference latency challenges, primarily due to their autoregressive decoding paradigm characterized by the sequential nature of next-token prediction. By…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Keyu Chen , Zhifeng Shen , Daohai Yu , Haoqian Wu , Wei Wen , Jianfeng He , Ruizhi Qiao , Xing Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly transforming the landscape of digital content creation. However, the prevalent black-box Application Programming Interface (API) access to many LLMs introduces significant challenges in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zhiyuan Fu , Junfan Chen , Lan Zhang , Ting Yang , Jun Niu , Hongyu Sun , Ruidong Li , Peng Liu , Jice Wang , Fannv He , Qiuling Yue , Yuqing Zhang

Large Language Model or LLM inference has two phases, the prompt (or prefill) phase to output the first token and the extension (or decoding) phase to the generate subsequent tokens. In this work, we propose an efficient parallelization…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Minsik Cho , Mohammad Rastegari , Devang Naik

The remarkable capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) are overshadowed by their immense computational cost. While recent work has shown that many LLM layers can be reordered or even removed with minimal impact on accuracy, these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Ramón Calvo González , Daniele Paliotta , Matteo Pagliardini , Martin Jaggi , François Fleuret

The performance of large language models (LLMs) is closely linked to their underlying size, leading to ever-growing networks and hence slower inference. Speculative decoding has been proposed as a technique to accelerate autoregressive…

Despite their impressive capabilities, large language models (LLMs) are prone to hallucinations, i.e., generating content that deviates from facts seen during pretraining. We propose a simple decoding strategy for reducing hallucinations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Yung-Sung Chuang , Yujia Xie , Hongyin Luo , Yoon Kim , James Glass , Pengcheng He

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong multilingual capabilities, yet often fail to consistently generate responses in the intended language, exhibiting a phenomenon known as language confusion. Prior mitigation approaches based on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Jinho Choo , JunSeung Lee , Jimyeong Kim , Yeeho Song , S. K. Hong , Yeong-Dae Kwon

Diffusion language models (dLLMs) generate text by iteratively denoising multiple token positions in parallel, offering an attractive alternative to strictly autoregressive decoding. In practice, however, block-wise dLLM inference exposes a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Xiaoyou Wu , Cheng-Jhih Shih , Binfei Ji , Yong Liu , Yingyan , Lin

In-situ LLM inference on end-user devices has gained significant interest due to its privacy benefits and reduced dependency on external infrastructure. However, as the decoding process is memory-bandwidth-bound, the diverse processing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Jinhui Wei , Ye Huang , Yuhui Zhou , Jiazhi Jiang , Jiangsu Du , Yutong Lu

In this paper, a new method for decoding Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes, based on Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) neural networks is proposed. Due to the fact that in neural networks all procedures are processed in parallel, this method…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-11-14 Alireza Karami , Mahmoud Ahmadian Attari

Recently, Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) have demonstrated unique efficiency advantages, enabled by their inherently parallel decoding mechanism and flexible generation paradigm. Meanwhile, despite the rapid advancement of Search…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jiahao Zhao , Shaoxuan Xu , Zhongxiang Sun , Fengqi Zhu , Jingyang Ou , Yuling Shi , Chongxuan Li , Xiao Zhang , Jun Xu

Token pruning has emerged as an effective approach to reduce the substantial computational overhead of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) by discarding less informative visual tokens while preserving performance. However, existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Kexin Ma , Jing Xiao , Chaofeng Chen , Geyong Min , Guibo Zhu , Jinqiao Wang , Liang Liao

Large language models (LLMs) underpin interactive multimedia applications such as captioning, retrieval, recommendation, and creative content generation, yet their autoregressive decoding incurs substantial latency. Speculative decoding…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Hanyu Wei , Zunhai Su , Peng Lu , Chao Li , Spandan Tiwari , Ashish Sirasao , Yuhan Dong

In the domain of complex reasoning tasks, such as mathematical reasoning, recent advancements have proposed the use of Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) to suppress output of dispreferred responses, thereby enhancing the long-chain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Weibin Liao , Xu Chu , Yasha Wang

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have greatly improved their reasoning and decision-making abilities when deployed as agents. Richer reasoning, however, often comes at the cost of longer chain of thought (CoT), hampering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Sirui Chen , Mengshi Zhao , Lei Xu , Yuying Zhao , Beier Zhu , Hanwang Zhang , Shengjie Zhao , Chaochao Lu

Masked diffusion language models (MDLMs) enable parallel decoding by predicting all masked positions at each denoising step, yet existing training-free samplers usually decide which positions to commit at token-level granularity. We revisit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Heqiang Qi , Wei Huang , Mingyuan Bai , Xiangming Meng

Large language models such as GPT and Llama are trained with a next-token prediction loss. In this work, we suggest that training language models to predict multiple future tokens at once results in higher sample efficiency. More…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Athul Radhakrishnan , Siddhant Mohan , Mahima Sachdeva