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In-memory caching systems are fundamental building blocks in cloud services. However, due to the coupled CPU and memory on monolithic servers, existing caching systems cannot elastically adjust resources in a resource-efficient and agile…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Jiacheng Shen , Pengfei Zuo , Xuchuan Luo , Yuxin Su , Jiazhen Gu , Hao Feng , Yangfan Zhou , Michael R. Lyu

Visual Autoregressive (VAR) modeling has garnered significant attention for its innovative next-scale prediction approach, which yields substantial improvements in efficiency, scalability, and zero-shot generalization. Nevertheless, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Kunjun Li , Zigeng Chen , Cheng-Yen Yang , Jenq-Neng Hwang

Edge acceleration for large language models is crucial for their widespread application; however, achieving fast attention inference and efficient decoding on resource-constrained edge accelerators remains challenging. This paper presents…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Junming Zhang , Qinyan Zhang , Huajun Sun , Feiyang Gao , Sheng Hu , Rui Nie , Xiangshui Miao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely deployed in a variety of applications, and the context length is rapidly increasing to handle tasks such as long-document QA and complex logical reasoning. However, long context poses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Guangda Liu , Chengwei Li , Jieru Zhao , Chenqi Zhang , Minyi Guo

As large language models (LLMs) continue to scale, the memory footprint of key-value (KV) caches during inference has become a significant bottleneck. Existing approaches primarily focus on compressing KV caches within a single prompt or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Xinye Zhao , Spyridon Mastorakis

Traditional data centers are designed with a rigid architecture of fit-for-purpose servers that provision resources beyond the average workload in order to deal with occasional peaks of data. Heterogeneous data centers are pushing towards…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-09-20 Carlos Vega , Jose Fernando Zazo , Hugo Meyer , Ferad Zyulkyarov , Sergio Lopez Buedo , Javier Aracil

In Text-to-SQL tasks, existing LLM-based methods often include extensive database schemas in prompts, leading to long context lengths and increased prefilling latency. While user queries typically focus on recurrent table sets-offering an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Jinbo Su , Yuxuan Hu , Cuiping Li , Hong Chen , Jia Li , Lintao Ma , Jing Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in natural language processing tasks but pose significant computational and memory challenges for edge deployment due to their intensive resource demands. This work addresses the efficiency of LLM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Zhican Wang , Hongxiang Fan , Haroon Waris , Gang Wang , Zhenyu Li , Jianfei Jiang , Yanan Sun , Guanghui He

With the skyrocketing costs of GPUs and their virtual instances in the cloud, there is a significant desire to use CPUs for large language model (LLM) inference. KV cache update, often implemented as allocation, copying, and in-place…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Arun Ramachandran , Ramaswamy Govindarajan , Murali Annavaram , Prakash Raghavendra , Hossein Entezari Zarch , Lei Gao , Chaoyi Jiang

Future servers will incorporate many active lowpower modes for different system components, such as cores and memory. Though these modes provide flexibility for power management via Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS), they must be…

Performance · Computer Science 2016-03-07 Yanpei Liu , Guilherme Cox , Qingyuan Deng , Stark C. Draper , Ricardo Bianchini

Memory disaggregation can potentially allow memory-optimized range indexes such as B+-trees to scale beyond one machine while attaining high hardware utilization and low cost. Designing scalable indexes on disaggregated memory, however, is…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Baotong Lu , Kaisong Huang , Chieh-Jan Mike Liang , Tianzheng Wang , Eric Lo

KV cache is a widely used acceleration technique for large language models (LLMs) inference. However, its memory requirement grows rapidly with input length. Previous studies have reduced the size of KV cache by either removing the same…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Xingyang He , Jie Liu , Shaowei Chen

Suffix jailbreak attacks serve as a systematic method for red-teaming Large Language Models (LLMs) but suffer from prohibitive computational costs, as a large number of candidate suffixes need to be evaluated before identifying a jailbreak…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Xinhai Wang , Shaopeng Fu , Shu Yang , Liangyu Wang , Tianhang Zheng , Di Wang

Memory disaggregation (MD) allows for scalable and elastic data center design by separating compute (CPU) from memory. With MD, compute and memory are no longer coupled into the same server box. Instead, they are connected to each other via…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Ruihong Wang , Jianguo Wang , Stratos Idreos , M. Tamer Özsu , Walid G. Aref

To reduce memory consumption during LLM inference, prior works have proposed numerous methods that focus on KV cache pruning based on various criteria. While these techniques often accomplish lossless memory reduction on many datasets, they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Xuanfan Ni , Liyan Xu , Chenyang Lyu , Longyue Wang , Mo Yu , Lemao Liu , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou , Piji Li

Resource-disaggregated data centre architectures promise a means of pooling resources remotely within data centres, allowing for both more flexibility and resource efficiency underlying the increasingly important infrastructure-as-a-service…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Zacharaya Shabka , Georgios Zervas

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance, but their long-context reasoning remains constrained by the excessive memory required for the Key-Value (KV) cache. This makes KV cache compression a critical step…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xianglong Yan , Zhiteng Li , Tianao Zhang , Haotong Qin , Linghe Kong , Yulun Zhang , Xiaokang Yang

Memory consumption of the Key-Value (KV) cache represents a major bottleneck for efficient large language model inference. While attention-score-based KV cache pruning shows promise, it faces critical practical limitations: attention scores…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Alessio Devoto , Maximilian Jeblick , Simon Jégou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive accomplishments in recent years. However, the increasing memory consumption of KV cache has possessed a significant challenge to the inference system. Eviction methods have revealed the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Zicong Tang , Shi Luohe , Zuchao Li , Baoyuan Qi , Guoming Liu , Lefei Zhang , Ping Wang

Key-value stores (KV) have become one of the main components of the modern storage and data processing system stack. With the increasing need for timely data analysis, performance becomes more and more critical. In the past, these stores…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Krijn Doekemeijer , Animesh Trivedi