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Neural operators are a type of deep architecture that learns to solve (i.e. learns the nonlinear solution operator of) partial differential equations (PDEs). The current state of the art for these models does not provide explicit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-03 Emilia Magnani , Nicholas Krämer , Runa Eschenhagen , Lorenzo Rosasco , Philipp Hennig

Neural operators are capable of capturing nonlinear mappings between infinite-dimensional functional spaces, offering a data-driven approach to modeling complex functional relationships in classical density functional theory (cDFT). In this…

Neural networks have been applied to control problems, typically by combining data, differential equation residuals, and objective costs in the training loss or by incorporating auxiliary architectural components. Instead, we propose a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-10 Oliver G. S. Lundqvist , Fabricio Oliveira

Ground settlement prediction during the process of mechanized tunneling is of paramount importance and remains a challenging research topic. Typically, two paradigms are existing: a physics-driven approach utilizing process-oriented…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Chen Xu , Ba Trung Cao , Yong Yuan , Günther Meschke

This work presents a finite element-guided physics-informed operator learning framework for multiphysics problems with coupled partial differential equations (PDEs) on arbitrary domains. The proposed framework learns an operator from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Yusuke Yamazaki , Reza Najian Asl , Markus Apel , Mayu Muramatsu , Shahed Rezaei

The study of operator learning involves the utilization of neural networks to approximate operators. Traditionally, the focus has been on single-operator learning (SOL). However, recent advances have rapidly expanded this to include the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Zecheng Zhang

Deep learning models are considered to be state-of-the-art in many offline machine learning tasks. However, many of the techniques developed are not suitable for online learning tasks. The problem of using deep learning models with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Guy Uziel

Existing architectures for operator learning require that the number and locations of sensors (where the input functions are evaluated) remain the same across all training and test samples, significantly restricting the range of their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Michael Prasthofer , Tim De Ryck , Siddhartha Mishra

Operator learning trains a neural network to map functions to functions. An ideal operator learning framework should be mesh-free in the sense that the training does not require a particular choice of discretization for the input functions,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-12-15 Zecheng Zhang , Wing Tat Leung , Hayden Schaeffer

Foundation models, such as large language models, have demonstrated success in addressing various language and image processing tasks. In this work, we introduce a multi-modal foundation model for scientific problems, named PROSE-PDE. Our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Jingmin Sun , Yuxuan Liu , Zecheng Zhang , Hayden Schaeffer

Discovering hidden physical laws and identifying governing system parameters from sparse observations are central challenges in computational science and engineering. Existing data-driven methods, such as physics-informed neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Dibakar Roy Sarkar , Vijay Kag , Birupaksha Pal , Somdatta Goswami

In this chapter, we utilize dynamical systems to analyze several aspects of machine learning algorithms. As an expository contribution we demonstrate how to re-formulate a wide variety of challenges from deep neural networks, (stochastic)…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-07-08 Dennis Chemnitz , Maximilian Engel , Christian Kuehn , Sara-Viola Kuntz

Neural operator learning directly constructs the mapping relationship from the equation parameter space to the solution space, enabling efficient direct inference in practical applications without the need for repeated solution of partial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Heng Wu , Junjie Wang , Benzhuo Lu

Recent advances in scientific machine learning have shed light on the modeling of pattern-forming systems. However, simulations of real patterns still incur significant computational costs, which could be alleviated by leveraging large…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Wei Li , Martin Z. Bazant , Juner Zhu

Neural operators have emerged as powerful surrogates for the solution of partial differential equations (PDEs), yet their ability to handle general, highly variable boundary conditions (BCs) remains limited. Existing approaches often fail…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Sepehr Mousavi , Siddhartha Mishra , Laura De Lorenzis

Operator learning problems arise in many key areas of scientific computing where Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) are used to model physical systems. In such scenarios, the operators map between Banach or Hilbert spaces. In this work,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Ben Adcock , Nick Dexter , Sebastian Moraga

Designing universal artificial intelligence (AI) solver for partial differential equations (PDEs) is an open-ended problem and a significant challenge in science and engineering. Currently, data-driven solvers have achieved great success,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Qinglong Ma , Peizhi Zhao , Sen Wang , Tao Song

This short, self-contained article seeks to introduce and survey continuous-time deep learning approaches that are based on neural ordinary differential equations (neural ODEs). It primarily targets readers familiar with ordinary and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Lars Ruthotto

In this paper, we investigate neural networks applied to multiscale simulations and discuss a design of a novel deep neural network model reduction approach for multiscale problems. Due to the multiscale nature of the medium, the fine-grid…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-12-20 Min Wang , Siu Wun Cheung , Wing Tat Leung , Eric T. Chung , Yalchin Efendiev , Mary Wheeler

Deep neural operators (DNOs) have been utilized to approximate nonlinear mappings between function spaces. However, DNOs face the challenge of increased dimensionality and computational cost associated with unaligned observation data. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Bo Chen , Chenyu Wang , Weipeng Li , Haiyang Fu