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Decoding how linear DNA encodes regulatory information remains a central challenge. Existing decoding approaches lack interpretability and struggle to reveal the underlying coding principles. Here, we present the interpretability-first,…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-29 Li Yang , Dongbo Wang

Proteins perform critical processes in all living systems: converting solar energy into chemical energy, replicating DNA, as the basis of highly performant materials, sensing and much more. While an incredible range of functionality has…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-09-29 Leonardo V. Castorina , Rokas Petrenas , Kartic Subr , Christopher W. Wood

Cancer is a complex disease, the understanding and treatment of which are being aided through increases in the volume of collected data and in the scale of deployed computing power. Consequently, there is a growing need for the development…

The prediction of intrinsic disorder regions has significant implications for understanding protein functions and dynamics. It can help to discover novel protein-protein interactions essential for designing new drugs and enzymes. Recently,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Krzysztof Kotowski , Irena Roterman , Katarzyna Stapor

Understanding and extracting structured insights from unstructured documents remains a foundational challenge in industrial NLP. While Large Language Models (LLMs) enable zero-shot extraction, traditional pipelines often fail to handle…

Generative AI has the potential to revolutionize drug discovery. Yet, despite recent advances in deep learning, existing models cannot generate molecules that satisfy all desired physicochemical properties. Herein, we describe IDOLpro, a…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Amit Kadan , Kevin Ryczko , Erika Lloyd , Adrian Roitberg , Takeshi Yamazaki

Structure-based drug design (SBDD), which aims to generate 3D ligand molecules binding to target proteins, is a fundamental task in drug discovery. Existing SBDD methods typically treat protein as rigid and neglect protein structural change…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-10-01 Zaixi Zhang , Mengdi Wang , Qi Liu

The development of intelligent agents, particularly those powered by language models (LMs), has shown a critical role in various environments that require intelligent and autonomous decision-making. Environments are not passive testing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Antonin Sulc , Thorsten Hellert

We investigate molecular mechanisms of resistant or sensitive response of cancer drug combination therapies in an inductive and interpretable manner. Though deep learning algorithms are widely used in the drug synergy prediction problem, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Zehao Dong , Heming Zhang , Yixin Chen , Fuhai Li

We introduce Agentic Reasoning, a framework that enhances large language model (LLM) reasoning by integrating external tool-using agents. Agentic Reasoning dynamically leverages web search, code execution, and structured memory to address…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Junde Wu , Jiayuan Zhu , Yuyuan Liu , Min Xu , Yueming Jin

Rare diseases represent the long tail of medical imaging, where AI models often fail due to the scarcity of representative training data. In clinical workflows, radiologists frequently consult case reports and literature when confronted…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Ha Young Kim , Jun Li , Ana Beatriz Solana , Carolin M. Pirkl , Benedikt Wiestler , Julia A. Schnabel , Cosmin I. Bercea

Discovering patterns in data that best describe the differences between classes allows to hypothesize and reason about class-specific mechanisms. In molecular biology, for example, this bears promise of advancing the understanding of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Nils Philipp Walter , Jonas Fischer , Jilles Vreeken

Intrinsically disordered proteins and regions are increasingly appreciated for their abundance in the proteome and the many functional roles they play in the cell. In this short review, we describe a variety of approaches used to obtain…

Biological Physics · Physics 2024-12-31 Zi Hao Liu , Maria Tsanai , Oufan Zhang , Teresa Head-Gordon , Julie Forman-Kay

Advancements in artificial intelligence for molecular science are necessitating a paradigm shift from purely data-driven predictions to knowledge-guided computational reasoning. Existing molecular models are predominantly proprietary,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Pengfei Liu , Shuang Ge , Jun Tao , Zhixiang Ren

Structure-based drug design is drawing growing attentions in computer-aided drug discovery. Compared with the virtual screening approach where a pre-defined library of compounds are computationally screened, de novo drug design based on the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-09-14 Kehan Wu , Yingce Xia , Yang Fan , Pan Deng , Haiguang Liu , Lijun Wu , Shufang Xie , Tong Wang , Tao Qin , Tie-Yan Liu

Protein Structure Prediction (PSP) is an unsolved problem in the field of computational biology. The problem of protein structure prediction is about predicting the native conformation of a protein, while its sequence of amino acids is…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-06-06 Hossein Parineh , Nasser Mozayani

De novo drug design is a crucial component of modern drug development, yet navigating the vast chemical space to find synthetically accessible, high-affinity candidates remains a significant challenge. Reinforcement Learning (RL) enhances…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-25 R Yadunandan , Nimisha Ghosh

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into healthcare is constrained by knowledge limitations, hallucinations, and a disconnect from Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM). While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) offers a solution,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Qiaoyu Zheng , Yuze Sun , Chaoyi Wu , Weike Zhao , Pengcheng Qiu , Yongguo Yu , Kun Sun , Jian Zhang , Yanfeng Wang , Ya Zhang , Weidi Xie

Autonomous AI is no longer a hard-to-reach concept, it enables the agents to move beyond executing tasks to independently addressing complex problems, adapting to change while handling the uncertainty of the environment. However, what makes…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-05-12 Zinan Liu , Haoran Li , Jingyi Lu , Gaoyuan Ma , Xu Hong , Giovanni Iacca , Arvind Kumar , Shaojun Tang , Lin Wang

Agentic AI represents a major shift in how autonomous systems reason, plan, and execute multi-step tasks through the coordination of Large Language Models (LLMs), Vision Language Models (VLMs), tools, and external services. While these…