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In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have made remarkable achievements in various domains. However, the untimeliness and cost of knowledge updates coupled with hallucination issues of LLMs have curtailed their applications in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Chunjing Gan , Dan Yang , Binbin Hu , Hanxiao Zhang , Siyuan Li , Ziqi Liu , Yue Shen , Lin Ju , Zhiqiang Zhang , Jinjie Gu , Lei Liang , Jun Zhou

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) effectively enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by incorporating retrieved external knowledge into the generation process. Reasoning models improve LLM performance in multi-hop QA tasks, which require…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Guo Chen , Junjie Huang , Huaijin Xie , Fei Sun , Tao Jia

The evolving sophistication and intricacies of Large Language Models (LLMs) yield unprecedented advancements, yet they simultaneously demand considerable computational resources and incur significant costs. To alleviate these challenges,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Hongye Jin , Xiaotian Han , Jingfeng Yang , Zhimeng Jiang , Chia-Yuan Chang , Xia Hu

This paper introduces a novel code-to-code search technique that enhances the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) by including both static and dynamic features as well as utilizing both similar and dissimilar examples during…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Anthony Saieva , Saikat Chakraborty , Gail Kaiser

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shown very impressive capabilities in code generation across many programming languages. However, even state-of-the-art LLMs generate programs that contains syntactic errors and fail…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-25 David Jiahao Fu , Aryan Gupta , Aaron Councilman , David Grove , Yu-Xiong Wang , Vikram Adve

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great potential in automatically generating and optimizing (meta)heuristics, making them valuable tools in heuristic optimization tasks. However, LLMs are generally inefficient when it comes to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Niki van Stein , Diederick Vermetten , Thomas Bäck

The rapid evolution of mobile edge computing (MEC) has introduced significant challenges in optimizing resource allocation in highly dynamic wireless communication systems, in which task offloading decisions should be made in real-time.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-31 Runtao Ren , Yinyu Wu , Xuhui Zhang , Jinke Ren , Yanyan Shen , Shuqiang Wang , Kim-Fung Tsang

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has become the most effective post-training approach for improving the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). In practice, because of the high demands on latency and memory, it is particularly challenging…

It has been verified that the linear programming (LP) is able to formulate many real-life optimization problems, which can obtain the optimum by resorting to corresponding solvers such as OptVerse, Gurobi and CPLEX. In the past decades, a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-01-19 Xijun Li , Qingyu Qu , Fangzhou Zhu , Jia Zeng , Mingxuan Yuan , Kun Mao , Jie Wang

Training Large Language Models (LLMs) is plagued by long training times and massive energy consumption, with modern models requiring months of computation and gigawatt-hours of electricity. In light of these challenges,we introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Nii Osae Osae Dade , Moinul Hossain Rahat

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has proven highly effective in improving large language models (LLMs) across various domains. However, there is no benchmark specifically designed to assess the effectiveness of RAG in the legal domain,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Haitao Li , Yifan Chen , Yiran Hu , Qingyao Ai , Junjie Chen , Xiaoyu Yang , Jianhui Yang , Yueyue Wu , Zeyang Liu , Yiqun Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) encounter challenges in efficiently processing long-text queries, as seen in applications like enterprise document analysis and financial report comprehension. While conventional solutions employ long-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Yulong Hui , Yihao Liu , Yao Lu , Huanchen Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated great potential in automating the generation of Verilog hardware description language code for hardware design. This automation is critical to reducing human effort in the complex and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Ping Guo , Yiting Wang , Wanghao Ye , Yexiao He , Ziyao Wang , Xiaopeng Dai , Ang Li , Qingfu Zhang

Transformers have a quadratic scaling of computational complexity with input size, which limits the input context window size of large language models (LLMs) in both training and inference. Meanwhile, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Yimin Tang , Yurong Xu , Ning Yan , Masood Mortazavi

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in code generation tasks. However, there remains a performance gap between open-source and closed-source models. To address this gap, existing approaches typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Weijie Lv , Xuan Xia , Sheng-Jun Huang

Conditional layout generation aims to automatically generate visually appealing and semantically coherent layouts from user-defined constraints. While recent methods based on generative models have shown promising results, they typically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Hengyu Shi , Junhao Su , Tianyang Han , Junfeng Luo , Jialin Gao

With the advent of large language models (LLMs) and multimodal large language models (MLLMs), the potential of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has attracted considerable research attention. Various novel algorithms and models have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Jiajie Jin , Yutao Zhu , Guanting Dong , Yuyao Zhang , Xinyu Yang , Chenghao Zhang , Tong Zhao , Zhao Yang , Zhicheng Dou , Ji-Rong Wen

Large language models (LLMs) have made significant progress in natural language understanding and generation, driven by scalable pretraining and advanced finetuning. However, enhancing reasoning abilities in LLMs, particularly via…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Huimu Yu , Xing Wu , Haotian Xu , Debing Zhang , Songlin Hu

The use of large language models (LLMs) is becoming increasingly widespread among software developers. However, privacy and computational requirements are problematic with commercial solutions and the use of LLMs. In this work, we focus on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Marko Hostnik , Marko Robnik-Šikonja

Automatic code generation has gained significant momentum with the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-4. Although many studies focus on improving the effectiveness of LLMs for code generation, very limited work tries to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Melika Sepidband , Hamed Taherkhani , Song Wang , Hadi Hemmati
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