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Autoregressive models (ARMs) are hindered by slow sequential inference. While masked diffusion models (MDMs) offer a parallel alternative, they suffer from critical drawbacks: high computational overhead from precluding Key-Value (KV)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Jia-Nan Li , Jian Guan , Wei Wu , Chongxuan Li

Large reasoning models (LRMs) excel at complex reasoning tasks but typically generate lengthy sequential chains-of-thought, resulting in long inference times before arriving at the final answer. To address this challenge, we introduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Emil Biju , Shayan Talaei , Zhemin Huang , Mohammadreza Pourreza , Azalia Mirhoseini , Amin Saberi

Large-scale pre-trained language models such as BERT have contributed significantly to the development of NLP. However, those models require large computational resources, making it difficult to be applied to mobile devices where computing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Weixin Wu , Hankz Hankui Zhuo

We introduce Dynamic Retrieval-Augmented Expert Networks (DRAE), a groundbreaking architecture that addresses the challenges of lifelong learning, catastrophic forgetting, and task adaptation by combining the dynamic routing capabilities of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Yayu Long , Kewei Chen , Long Jin , Mingsheng Shang

Reinforcement learning (RL) has recently become the dominant paradigm for strengthening the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). Yet the rule-based reward functions commonly used on mathematical or programming benchmarks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Haoyang He , Zihua Rong , Kun Ji , Chenyang Li , Qing Huang , Chong Xia , Lan Yang , Honggang Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance in reasoning tasks. However, LLMs tend to generate excessively long reasoning content, leading to significant computational overhead. Our observations indicate that even on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Guochao Jiang , Guofeng Quan , Zepeng Ding , Ziqin Luo , Dixuan Wang , Zheng Hu

Pre-trained language models in the past years have shown exponential growth in model parameters and compute time. ELECTRA is a novel approach for improving the compute efficiency of pre-trained language models (e.g. BERT) based on masked…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Junmo Kang , Suwon Shin , Jeonghwan Kim , Jaeyoung Jo , Sung-Hyon Myaeng

Ensembles of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have achieved qualitative predictions but they are computing and memory intensive. Therefore, the demand is growing to make them answer a heavy workload of requests with available computational…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Pierrick Pochelu , Serge G. Petiton , Bruno Conche

The static nature of knowledge within Large Language Models (LLMs) makes it difficult for them to adapt to evolving information, rendering knowledge editing a critical task. However, existing methods struggle with challenges of scalability…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Minghu Wang , Shuliang Zhao , Yuanyuan Zhao , Hongxia Xu

Entity resolution (ER) is an important data integration task with a wide spectrum of applications. The state-of-the-art solutions on ER rely on pre-trained language models (PLMs), which require fine-tuning on a lot of labeled…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Meihao Fan , Xiaoyue Han , Ju Fan , Chengliang Chai , Nan Tang , Guoliang Li , Xiaoyong Du

As large language models (LLMs) grow in popularity for their diverse capabilities, improving the efficiency of their inference systems has become increasingly critical. Batching LLM requests is a critical step in scheduling the inference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Ozgur Guldogan , Jackson Kunde , Kangwook Lee , Ramtin Pedarsani

Efficiently serving Large Language Models (LLMs) requires selecting an optimal parallel execution plan, balancing computation, memory, and communication overhead. However, determining the best strategy is challenging due to varying…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Yi-Chien Lin , Woosuk Kwon , Ronald Pineda , Fanny Nina Paravecino

Batch prompting is a common technique in large language models (LLMs) used to process multiple inputs simultaneously, aiming to improve computational efficiency. However, as batch sizes increase, performance degradation often occurs due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Longyu Feng , Mengze Hong , Chen Jason Zhang

Recent advances in Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have led to significant performance improvements across many tasks. These gains come with a drastic increase in the models' size, potentially leading to slow and costly use…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Tal Schuster , Adam Fisch , Jai Gupta , Mostafa Dehghani , Dara Bahri , Vinh Q. Tran , Yi Tay , Donald Metzler

Large language models (LLMs) deliver impressive generation quality, but incur very high inference cost because each output token is generated auto-regressively through all model layers. Early-exit based self-speculative decoding (EESD) has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Ruanjun Li , Ziheng Liu , Yuanming Shi , Jiawei Shao , Chi Zhang , Xuelong Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) and other large foundation models have achieved noteworthy success, but their size exacerbates existing resource consumption and latency challenges. In particular, the large-scale deployment of these models is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Banghua Zhu , Ying Sheng , Lianmin Zheng , Clark Barrett , Michael I. Jordan , Jiantao Jiao

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are generally designed as sequentially cascaded differentiable blocks/layers with a prediction module connected only to its last layer. DNNs can be attached with prediction modules at multiple points along the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Hari Narayan N U , Manjesh K. Hanawal , Avinash Bhardwaj

Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant inference latency challenges stemming from their autoregressive design and large size. To address this, speculative decoding emerges as a solution, enabling the simultaneous generation and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Yinrong Hong , Zhiquan Tan , Kai Hu

We present Entropy Adaptive Decoding (EAD), a novel approach for efficient language model inference that dynamically switches between different-sized models based on prediction uncertainty. By monitoring rolling entropy in model logit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Toby Simonds

Epoch based memory reclamation (EBR) is one of the most popular techniques for reclaiming memory in lock-free and optimistic locking data structures, due to its ease of use and good performance in practice. However, EBR is known to be…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Daewoo Kim , Trevor Brown , Ajay Singh