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Vision-Language Action (VLAs) models promise to extend the remarkable success of vision-language models (VLMs) to robotics. Yet, unlike VLMs in the vision-language domain, VLAs for robotics require finetuning to contend with varying…

Humans possess a unified cognitive ability to perceive, comprehend, and interact with the physical world. Why can't large language models replicate this holistic understanding? Through a systematic analysis of existing training paradigms in…

Vision-language-action (VLA) models integrate visual observations and language instructions to predict robot actions, demonstrating promising generalization in manipulation tasks. However, most existing approaches primarily rely on direct…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Jiasong Xiao , Yutao She , Kai Li , Yuyang Sha , Ziang Cheng , Ziang Tong

Vision Language Action (VLA) models have recently shown great potential in bridging multimodal perception with robotic control. However, existing methods often rely on direct fine-tuning of pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs), feeding…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Kun Wang , Xiao Feng , Mingcheng Qu , Tonghua Su

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have recently enabled robotic manipulation by grounding visual and linguistic cues into actions. However, most VLAs assume the Markov property, relying only on the current observation and thus suffering…

The growing success of Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models stems from the promise that pretrained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) can endow agents with transferable world knowledge and vision-language (VL) grounding, laying a foundation for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Nikita Kachaev , Mikhail Kolosov , Daniil Zelezetsky , Alexey K. Kovalev , Aleksandr I. Panov

Recent high-capacity vision-language-action (VLA) models have demonstrated impressive performance on a range of robotic manipulation tasks by imitating human demonstrations. However, exploiting offline data with limited visited states will…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Guanxing Lu , Wenkai Guo , Chubin Zhang , Yuheng Zhou , Haonan Jiang , Zifeng Gao , Yansong Tang , Ziwei Wang

The vision-language-action (VLA) paradigm has enabled powerful robotic control by leveraging vision-language models, but its reliance on large-scale, high-quality robot data limits its generalization. Generative world models offer a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Weishi Mi , Yong Bao , Xiaowei Chi , Xiaozhu Ju , Zhiyuan Qin , Kuangzhi Ge , Kai Tang , Peidong Jia , Shanghang Zhang , Jian Tang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are a promising path toward embodied intelligence, yet they often overlook the predictive and temporal-causal structure underlying visual dynamics. World-model VLAs address this by predicting future…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Fuxiang Yang , Donglin Di , Lulu Tang , Xuancheng Zhang , Lei Fan , Hao Li , Chen Wei , Tonghua Su , Baorui Ma

Prompt-based learning has emerged as a successful paradigm in natural language processing, where a single general-purpose language model can be instructed to perform any task specified by input prompts. Yet task specification in robotics…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have recently made significant advance in multi-task, end-to-end robotic control, due to the strong generalization capabilities of Vision-Language Models (VLMs). A fundamental challenge in developing such…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Yuqing Wen , Kefan Gu , Haoxuan Liu , Yucheng Zhao , Tiancai Wang , Haoqiang Fan , Xiaoyan Sun

Memory is critical for long-horizon and history-dependent robotic manipulation. Such tasks often involve counting repeated actions or manipulating objects that become temporarily occluded. Recent vision-language-action (VLA) models have…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yinpei Dai , Hongze Fu , Jayjun Lee , Yuejiang Liu , Haoran Zhang , Jianing Yang , Chelsea Finn , Nima Fazeli , Joyce Chai

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have recently emerged as powerful generalists for robotic manipulation. However, due to their predominant reliance on visual modalities, they fundamentally lack the physical intuition required for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Yuzhe Huang , Pei Lin , Wanlin Li , Daohan Li , Jiajun Li , Jiaming Jiang , Chenxi Xiao , Ziyuan Jiao

Leveraging pretrained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) to map language instruction and visual observations to raw low-level actions, Vision-Language-Action models (VLAs) hold great promise for achieving general-purpose robotic systems. Despite…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Ji Zhang , Shihan Wu , Xu Luo , Hao Wu , Lianli Gao , Heng Tao Shen , Jingkuan Song

Vision-language-action (VLA) models have emerged as the next generation of models in robotics. However, despite leveraging powerful pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs), existing end-to-end VLA systems often lose key capabilities…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Zhongyi Zhou , Yichen Zhu , Junjie Wen , Chaomin Shen , Yi Xu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models empower robots to understand and execute tasks described by natural language instructions. However, a key challenge lies in their ability to generalize beyond the specific environments and conditions they…

Image-based visual-language (I-VL) pre-training has shown great success for learning joint visual-textual representations from large-scale web data, revealing remarkable ability for zero-shot generalisation. This paper presents a simple but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Chen Ju , Tengda Han , Kunhao Zheng , Ya Zhang , Weidi Xie

A fundamental objective of manipulation policy design is to endow robots to comprehend human instructions, reason about scene cues, and execute generalized actions in dynamic environments. Recent autoregressive vision-language-action (VLA)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Jiaming Liu , Hao Chen , Pengju An , Zhuoyang Liu , Renrui Zhang , Chenyang Gu , Xiaoqi Li , Ziyu Guo , Sixiang Chen , Mengzhen Liu , Chengkai Hou , Mengdi Zhao , KC alex Zhou , Pheng-Ann Heng , Shanghang Zhang

Pre-trained Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have achieved remarkable success in improving robustness and generalization for end-to-end robotic manipulation. However, these models struggle with long-horizon tasks due to their lack of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Runhao Li , Wenkai Guo , Zhenyu Wu , Changyuan Wang , Haoyuan Deng , Zhenyu Weng , Yap-Peng Tan , Ziwei Wang

Recent advances in Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have enabled robotic agents to integrate multimodal understanding with action execution. However, our empirical analysis reveals that current VLAs struggle to allocate visual attention…