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Skill-based agent systems tackle complex tasks by composing reusable skills, improving modularity and scalability while introducing a largely unexamined security attack surface. We propose SkillTrojan, a backdoor attack that targets skill…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yunhao Feng , Yifan Ding , Yingshui Tan , Boren Zheng , Yanming Guo , Xiaolong Li , Kun Zhai , Yishan Li , Wenke Huang

The ability to create artificial intelligence (AI) capable of performing complex tasks is rapidly outpacing our ability to ensure the safe and assured operation of AI-enabled systems. Fortunately, a landscape of AI safety research is…

How can we ensure that AI systems are aligned with human values and remain safe? We can study this problem through the frameworks of the AI assistance and the AI shutdown games. The AI assistance problem concerns designing an AI agent that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Alessio Benavoli , Alessandro Facchini , Marco Zaffalon

Computer-use agents (CUAs) have made tremendous progress in the past year, yet they still frequently produce misaligned actions that deviate from the user's original intent. Such misaligned actions may arise from external attacks (e.g.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yuting Ning , Jaylen Jones , Zhehao Zhang , Chentao Ye , Weitong Ruan , Junyi Li , Rahul Gupta , Huan Sun

Creating systems that are aligned with our goals is seen as a leading approach to create safe and beneficial AI in both leading AI companies and the academic field of AI safety. We defend the view that misaligned AGI - future, generally…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Max Hellrigel-Holderbaum , Leonard Dung

We present DoomArena, a security evaluation framework for AI agents. DoomArena is designed on three principles: 1) It is a plug-in framework and integrates easily into realistic agentic frameworks like BrowserGym (for web agents) and…

Autonomous agents powered by large language models introduce a class of execution-layer vulnerabilities -- prompt injection, retrieval poisoning, and uncontrolled tool invocation -- that existing guardrails fail to address systematically.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Yuxu Ge

Large language model-based agents are rapidly evolving from simple conversational assistants into autonomous systems capable of performing complex, professional-level tasks in various domains. While these advancements promise significant…

We introduce Context Kubernetes, an architecture for orchestrating enterprise knowledge in agentic AI systems, with a prototype implementation and eight experiments. The core observation is that delivering the right knowledge, to the right…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Charafeddine Mouzouni

Agentic AI systems, specifically LLM-driven agents that plan, invoke tools, maintain persistent memory, and delegate tasks to peer agents via protocols such as MCP and A2A, introduce a threat surface that differs materially from standalone…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Javad Forough , Marios Kogias , Hamed Haddadi

We sketch how developers of frontier AI systems could construct a structured rationale -- a 'safety case' -- that an AI system is unlikely to cause catastrophic outcomes through scheming. Scheming is a potential threat model where AI…

As artificial intelligence scales, the concepts of alignment, agency, and autonomy have become central to AI safety, governance, and control. However, even in human contexts, these terms lack universal definitions, varying across…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Krti Tallam

The performance of large language model (LLM) agents depends critically on the execution harness, the system layer that orchestrates tool use, context management, and state persistence. Yet this same architectural centrality makes the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xixun Lin , Yang Liu , Yancheng Chen , Yongxuan Wu , Yucheng Ning , Yilong Liu , Nan Sun , Shun Zhang , Bin Chong , Chuan Zhou , Yanan Cao

AI agents powered by large language models (LLMs) are being deployed at scale, yet we lack a systematic understanding of how the choice of backbone LLM affects agent security. The non-deterministic sequential nature of AI agents complicates…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Julia Bazinska , Max Mathys , Francesco Casucci , Mateo Rojas-Carulla , Xander Davies , Alexandra Souly , Niklas Pfister

Highly capable AI systems could secretly pursue misaligned goals -- what we call "scheming". Because a scheming AI would deliberately try to hide its misaligned goals and actions, measuring and mitigating scheming requires different…

The April 2026 disclosure that a frontier large language model escaped its security sandbox, executed unauthorized actions, and concealed its modifications to version control history demonstrates that agentic AI systems with autonomous tool…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Richard Joseph Mitchell

We evaluate the propensity of frontier models to sabotage or refuse to assist with safety research when deployed as AI research agents within a frontier AI company. We apply two complementary evaluations to four Claude models (Mythos…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Robert Kirk , Alexandra Souly , Kai Fronsdal , Abby D'Cruz , Xander Davies

Embodied Artificial Intelligence (AI) promises to handle edge cases in robotic vehicle systems where data is scarce by using common-sense reasoning grounded in perception and action to generalize beyond training distributions and adapt to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Luis Burbano , Diego Ortiz , Qi Sun , Siwei Yang , Haoqin Tu , Cihang Xie , Yinzhi Cao , Alvaro A Cardenas

Kubernetes is an open-source software for automating management of computerized services. Organizations, such as IBM, Capital One and Adidas use Kubernetes to deploy and manage their containers, and have reported benefits related to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Md. Shazibul Islam Shamim , Farzana Ahamed Bhuiyan , Akond Rahman