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Catastrophic forgetting is a significant challenge in continual learning, in which a model loses prior knowledge when it is fine-tuned on new tasks. This problem is particularly critical for large language models (LLMs) undergoing continual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Ege Süalp , Mina Rezaei

Catastrophic forgetting remains a major obstacle to continual learning in large language models (LLMs) and vision--language models (VLMs). Although Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures offer an efficient path to scaling, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yang Liu , Toan Nguyen , Flora D. Salim

Continual learning in natural language processing plays a crucial role in adapting to evolving data and preventing catastrophic forgetting. Despite significant progress, existing methods still face challenges, such as inefficient parameter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Min Zeng , Xi Chen , Haiqin Yang , Yike Guo

A growing body of research in continual learning focuses on the catastrophic forgetting problem. While many attempts have been made to alleviate this problem, the majority of the methods assume a single model in the continual learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Thang Doan , Seyed Iman Mirzadeh , Mehrdad Farajtabar

Human beings are able to master a variety of knowledge and skills with ongoing learning. By contrast, dramatic performance degradation is observed when new tasks are added to an existing neural network model. This phenomenon, termed as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-25 Xin Yao , Tianchi Huang , Chenglei Wu , Rui-Xiao Zhang , Lifeng Sun

Model ensemble is an effective strategy in continual learning, which alleviates catastrophic forgetting by interpolating model parameters, achieving knowledge fusion learned from different tasks. However, existing model ensemble methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Yuchuan Mao , Zhi Gao , Xiaomeng Fan , Yuwei Wu , Yunde Jia , Chenchen Jing

Predictive process monitoring (PPM) focuses on predicting future process trajectories, including next activity predictions. This is crucial in dynamic environments where processes change or face uncertainty. However, current frameworks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Marwan Hassani , Tamara Verbeek , Sjoerd van Straten

Continual learning on sequential data is critical for many machine learning (ML) deployments. Unfortunately, LSTM networks, which are commonly used to learn on sequential data, suffer from catastrophic forgetting and are limited in their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Ketaki Joshi , Raghavendra Pradyumna Pothukuchi , Andre Wibisono , Abhishek Bhattacharjee

Humans accumulate knowledge in a lifelong fashion. Modern deep neural networks, on the other hand, are susceptible to catastrophic forgetting: when adapted to perform new tasks, they often fail to preserve their performance on previously…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Mengyao Zhai , Lei Chen , Jiawei He , Megha Nawhal , Frederick Tung , Greg Mori

Energy-based modeling is a promising approach to unsupervised learning, which yields many downstream applications from a single model. The main difficulty in learning energy-based models with the "contrastive approaches" is the generation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Kirill Neklyudov , Priyank Jaini , Max Welling

One major obstacle towards AI is the poor ability of models to solve new problems quicker, and without forgetting previously acquired knowledge. To better understand this issue, we study the problem of continual learning, where the model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-14 David Lopez-Paz , Marc'Aurelio Ranzato

Lifelong event detection aims to incrementally update a model with new event types and data while retaining the capability on previously learned old types. One critical challenge is that the model would catastrophically forget old types…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-19 Minqian Liu , Shiyu Chang , Lifu Huang

Quantum computers may outperform classical computers on machine learning tasks. In recent years, a variety of quantum algorithms promising unparalleled potential to enhance, speed up, or innovate machine learning have been proposed. Yet,…

Text generation is ubiquitous in many NLP tasks, from summarization, to dialogue and machine translation. The dominant parametric approach is based on locally normalized models which predict one word at a time. While these work remarkably…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-27 Yuntian Deng , Anton Bakhtin , Myle Ott , Arthur Szlam , Marc'Aurelio Ranzato

Energy-based models (EBM) have become increasingly popular within computer vision. EBMs bring a probabilistic approach to training deep neural networks (DNN) and have been shown to enhance performance in areas such as calibration,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Jacob Piland , Christopher Sweet , Priscila Saboia , Charles Vardeman , Adam Czajka

The continual learning (CL) ability is vital for deploying large language models (LLMs) in the dynamic world. Existing methods devise the learning module to acquire task-specific knowledge with parameter-efficient tuning (PET) block and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Weixiang Zhao , Shilong Wang , Yulin Hu , Yanyan Zhao , Bing Qin , Xuanyu Zhang , Qing Yang , Dongliang Xu , Wanxiang Che

Continual learning tackles the setting of learning different tasks sequentially. Despite the lots of previous solutions, most of them still suffer significant forgetting or expensive memory cost. In this work, targeted at these problems, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Yujun Shi , Li Yuan , Yunpeng Chen , Jiashi Feng

Continual learning necessitates the continual adaptation of models to newly emerging tasks while minimizing the catastrophic forgetting of old ones. This is extremely challenging for large language models (LLMs) with vanilla full-parameter…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Chenyang Song , Xu Han , Zheni Zeng , Kuai Li , Chen Chen , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun , Tao Yang

A fundamental challenge in continual learning is to balance the trade-off between learning new tasks and remembering the previously acquired knowledge. Gradient Episodic Memory (GEM) achieves this balance by utilizing a subset of past…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Bo Liu , Mao Ye , Peter Stone , Qiang Liu

Energy-based models (EBMs) have experienced a resurgence within machine learning in recent years, including as a promising alternative for probabilistic regression. However, energy-based regression requires a proposal distribution to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Fredrik K. Gustafsson , Martin Danelljan , Thomas B. Schön