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Due to the competitive environment, mobile apps are usually produced under pressure with lots of complicated functionality and UI pages. Therefore, it is challenging for various roles to design, understand, test, and maintain these apps.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Xiangyu Zhang , Lingling Fan , Sen Chen , Yucheng Su , Boyuan Li

The inception of a mobile app often takes form of a mock-up of the Graphical User Interface (GUI), represented as a static image delineating the proper layout and style of GUI widgets that satisfy requirements. Following this initial…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-04-09 Kevin Moran , Boyang Li , Carlos Bernal-Cárdenas , Dan Jelf , Denys Poshyvanyk

Graphical User Interface (GUI) task automation constitutes a critical frontier in artificial intelligence research. While effective GUI agents synergistically integrate planning and grounding capabilities, current methodologies exhibit two…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Yuan Zhao , Hualei Zhu , Tingyu Jiang , Shen Li , Xiaohang Xu , Hao Henry Wang

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have enabled the development of mobile agents that can understand visual inputs and follow user instructions, unlocking new possibilities for automating complex tasks on mobile…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Ning Li , Xiangmou Qu , Jiamu Zhou , Jun Wang , Muning Wen , Kounianhua Du , Xingyu Lou , Qiuying Peng , Jun Wang , Weinan Zhang

Mobile apps are indispensable for people's daily life, and automated GUI (Graphical User Interface) testing is widely used for app quality assurance. There is a growing interest in using learning-based techniques for automated GUI testing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Zhe Liu , Chunyang Chen , Junjie Wang , Mengzhuo Chen , Boyu Wu , Xing Che , Dandan Wang , Qing Wang

Graphical user interface (GUI) agents have advanced rapidly but still struggle with complex tasks involving novel UI elements, long-horizon actions, and personalized trajectories. In this work, we introduce Instruction Agent, a GUI agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Yinheng Li , Hailey Hultquist , Justin Wagle , Kazuhito Koishida

Vision-language model based graphical user interface (GUI) agents have shown strong interaction capabilities. However, they often behave unfaithfully, relying on memorized shortcuts rather than grounding actions in displayed screen evidence…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Haowen Hu , Pengzhou Cheng , Zheng Wu , Lingzhong Dong , Gongshen Liu , Zhuosheng Zhang

Task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems have been widely used by mobile phone intelligent assistants to accomplish tasks such as calendar scheduling or hotel reservation. Current TOD systems usually focus on multi-turn text/speech interaction,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Liangtai Sun , Xingyu Chen , Lu Chen , Tianle Dai , Zichen Zhu , Kai Yu

Long-horizon GUI agents are a key step toward real-world deployment, yet effective interaction memory under prevailing paradigms remains under-explored. Replaying full interaction sequences is redundant and amplifies noise, while summaries…

Since the introduction of the Model Context Protocol (MCP), the number of available tools for Large Language Models (LLMs) has increased significantly. These task-specific tool sets offer an alternative to general-purpose tools such as web…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Reza Esfandiarpoor , Vishwas Suryanarayanan , Stephen H. Bach , Vishal Chowdhary , Anthony Aue

Autonomous GUI agents interact with environments by perceiving interfaces and executing actions. As a virtual sandbox, the GUI World model empowers agents with human-like foresight by enabling action-conditioned prediction. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Yuhao Zheng , Li'an Zhong , Yi Wang , Rui Dai , Kaikui Liu , Xiangxiang Chu , Linyuan Lv , Philip Torr , Kevin Qinghong Lin

Autonomous AI agents powered by large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications, where reliable and robust behavior is critical. However, existing agent evaluation frameworks either rely heavily on manual…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Syed Yusuf Ahmed , Shiwei Feng , Chanwoo Bae , Calix Barrus Xiangyu Zhang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown great potential in revolutionizing Graphical User Interface (GUI) automation. However, existing GUI models mostly rely on learning from nearly error-free offline trajectories, thus lacking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Penghao Wu , Shengnan Ma , Bo Wang , Jiaheng Yu , Lewei Lu , Ziwei Liu

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents have made substantial strides in understanding and executing user instructions across diverse platforms. Yet, grounding these instructions to precise interface elements remains challenging, especially…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Xinbin Yuan , Jian Zhang , Kaixin Li , Zhuoxuan Cai , Lujian Yao , Jie Chen , Enguang Wang , Qibin Hou , Jinwei Chen , Peng-Tao Jiang , Bo Li

GUI Process Automation (GPA) is a lightweight but general vision-based Robotic Process Automation (RPA), which enables fast and stable process replay with only a single demo. Addressing the fragility of traditional RPA and the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Zirui Zhao , Jun Hao Liew , Yan Yang , Wenzhuo Yang , Ziyang Luo , Doyen Sahoo , Silvio Savarese , Junnan Li

Recent advances in multimodal large language models have driven growing interest in graphical user interface (GUI) agents, yet their generalization remains constrained by the scarcity of large-scale training data spanning diverse real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Weimin Xiong , Shuhao Gu , Bowen Ye , Zihao Yue , Lei Li , Feifan Song , Sujian Li , Hao Tian

Mobile GUI agents powered by large foundation models enable autonomous task execution, but frequent updates altering UI appearance and reorganizing workflows cause agents trained on historical data to fail. Despite surface changes,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Libo Sun , Jiwen Zhang , Siyuan Wang , Zhongyu Wei

With VLM-powered computer-using agents (CUAs) becoming increasingly capable at graphical user interface (GUI) navigation and manipulation, reliable step-level decision-making has emerged as a key bottleneck for real-world deployment. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Zhenyu Wu , Jingjing Xie , Zehao Li , Bowen Yang , Qiushi Sun , Zhaoyang Liu , Zhoumianze Liu , Yu Qiao , Xiangyu Yue , Zun Wang , Zichen Ding

The assurance of mobile app GUI has become increasingly important, as the GUI serves as the primary medium of interaction between users and apps. Although numerous automated GUI testing approaches have been developed with diverse…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Shengcheng Yu , Yuchen Ling , Chunrong Fang , Quan Zhou , Yi Zhao , Chunyang Chen , Shaomin Zhu , Zhenyu Chen

This paper introduces Gamified Adversarial Prompting (GAP), a framework that crowd-sources high-quality data for visual instruction tuning of large multimodal models. GAP transforms the data collection process into an engaging game,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Shashank Yadav , Rohan Tomar , Garvit Jain , Chirag Ahooja , Shubham Chaudhary , Charles Elkan