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Autonomous graphical user interface (GUI) agents aim to facilitate task automation by interacting with the user interface without manual intervention. Recent studies have investigated eliciting the capabilities of large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Zhuosheng Zhang , Aston Zhang

Recent advancements in Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents have predominantly focused on training paradigms like supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement learning (RL). However, the challenge of high-dynamic GUI environments remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Enqi Liu , Liyuan Pan , Zhi Gao , Yan Yang , Chenrui Shi , Yang Liu , Jingrong Wu , Qing Li

Mobile GUI agents excel at immediate reactive control but frequently fail in realistic, long-horizon tasks that require memory. This failure stems from a fundamental conflict between limited context windows and token-heavy screenshots. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Junyang Wang , Haiyang Xu , Xi Zhang , Zhaoqing Zhu , Ming Yan , Jieping Ye , Jitao Sang

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents have the potential to assist users in interacting with complex software (e.g., PowerPoint, Photoshop). While prior research has primarily focused on automating user actions through clicks and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Saelyne Yang , Jaesang Yu , Yi-Hao Peng , Kevin Qinghong Lin , Jae Won Cho , Yale Song , Juho Kim

End-to-end GUI agents for real desktop environments require large amounts of high-quality interaction data, yet collecting human demonstrations is expensive and existing synthetic pipelines often suffer from limited task diversity or noisy,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Jinbiao Wei , Yilun Zhao , Kangqi Ni , Arman Cohan

Nowadays, research on GUI agents is a hot topic in the AI community. However, current research focuses on GUI task automation, limiting the scope of applications in various GUI scenarios. In this paper, we propose a formalized and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Kangjia Zhao , Jiahui Song , Leigang Sha , Haozhan Shen , Zhi Chen , Tiancheng Zhao , Xiubo Liang , Jianwei Yin

Recent advances in GUI agents have achieved remarkable grounding and action-prediction performance, yet existing models struggle with unreliable reward signals and limited online trajectory generation. In this paper, we introduce Orcust, a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Junyu Lu , Songxin Zhang , Zejian Xie , Zhuoyang Song , Jiaxing Zhang

In recent years, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have been extensively utilized for multimodal reasoning tasks, including Graphical User Interface (GUI) automation. Unlike general offline multimodal tasks, GUI automation is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yuyang Wanyan , Xi Zhang , Haiyang Xu , Haowei Liu , Junyang Wang , Jiabo Ye , Yutong Kou , Ming Yan , Fei Huang , Xiaoshan Yang , Weiming Dong , Changsheng Xu

Large-scale, high-quality interaction trajectories are essential for advancing mobile Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents. While existing methods typically rely on labor-intensive human demonstrations or automated model exploration to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Linjia Kang , Zhimin Wang , Yongkang Zhang , Duo Wu , Jinghe Wang , Ming Ma , Haopeng Yan , Zhi Wang

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have substantially driven the progress of autonomous agents for Graphical User Interface (GUI). Nevertheless, in real-world applications, GUI agents are often faced with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yibo Wang , Guangda Huzhang , Yuwei Hu , Yu Xia , Shiyin Lu , Qing-Guo Chen , Zhao Xu , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang , Lijun Zhang

Graphical User Interface (GUI) grounding, the task of mapping natural language instructions to precise screen coordinates, is fundamental to autonomous GUI agents. While existing methods achieve strong performance through extensive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Yong Du , Yuchen Yan , Fei Tang , Zhengxi Lu , Chang Zong , Weiming Lu , Shengpei Jiang , Yongliang Shen

Among existing online mobile-use benchmarks, AndroidWorld has emerged as the dominant benchmark due to its reproducible environment and deterministic evaluation; however, recent agents achieving over 90% success rates indicate its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Quyu Kong , Xu Zhang , Zhenyu Yang , Nolan Gao , Chen Liu , Panrong Tong , Chenglin Cai , Hanzhang Zhou , Jianan Zhang , Liangyu Chen , Zhidan Liu , Steven Hoi , Yue Wang

Mobile agents can autonomously complete user-assigned tasks through GUI interactions. However, existing mainstream evaluation benchmarks, such as AndroidWorld, operate by connecting to a system-level Android emulator and provide evaluation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yunfei Feng , Xi Zhao , Cheng Zhang , Dahu Feng , Daolin Cheng , Jianqi Yu , Yubin Xia , Erhu Feng

Autonomous agents that execute human tasks by controlling computers can enhance human productivity and application accessibility. However, progress in this field will be driven by realistic and reproducible benchmarks. We present…

With the growing reliance on digital devices equipped with graphical user interfaces (GUIs), such as computers and smartphones, the need for effective automation tools has become increasingly important. While multimodal large language…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Jakub Hoscilowicz , Bartosz Maj , Bartosz Kozakiewicz , Oleksii Tymoshchuk , Artur Janicki

Graphical User Interface (GUI) grounding aims to translate natural language instructions into executable screen coordinates, enabling automated GUI interaction. Nevertheless, incorrect grounding can result in costly, hard-to-reverse actions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Qingni Wang , Yue Fan , Xin Eric Wang

Current LLM agents are proficient at calling isolated APIs but struggle with the "last mile" of commercial software automation. In real-world scenarios, tools are not independent; they are atomic, interdependent, and prone to environmental…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yuanyang Li , Xue Yang , Longyue Wang , Weihua Luo , Hongyang Chen

Currently, the integration of mobile Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) is ubiquitous in most people's daily lives. And the ongoing evolution of multimodal large-scale models, such as GPT-4v, Qwen-VL-Max, has significantly bolstered the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Songqin Nong , Jiali Zhu , Rui Wu , Jiongchao Jin , Shuo Shan , Xiutian Huang , Wenhao Xu

Recent advancements in Large Vision-Language Models are accelerating the development of Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents that utilize human-like vision perception capabilities to enhance productivity on digital devices. Compared to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Xinyi Liu , Xiaoyi Zhang , Ziyun Zhang , Yan Lu

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) standardizes how AI agents discover and invoke external tools, with over 10,000 active servers and 97 million monthly SDK downloads as of early 2026. Yet MCP does not yet standardize how agents safely…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Vasundra Srinivasan