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The European Union Emission Trading System is a prominent market-based mechanism to reduce emissions. While the theory is well understood, we are the first to study the whole cap-and-trade mechanism as a financial market. Analyzing the…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-08-16 Nicola Borri , Yukun Liu , Aleh Tsyvinski , Xi Wu

The European Union Emission Trading Scheme is a carbon emission allowance trading system designed by Europe to achieve emission reduction targets. The amount of carbon emission caused by production activities is closely related to the…

General Economics · Economics 2021-08-19 Peng-Fei Dai , Xiong Xiong , Toan Luu Duc Huynh , Jiqiang Wang

In this paper, we estimate the causal impact (i.e. Average Treatment Effect, ATT) of the EU ETS on GHG emissions and firm competitiveness (primarily measured by employment, turnover, and exports levels) by combining a…

General Economics · Economics 2021-08-17 Nitish Gupta , Jay Shah , Satwik Gupta , Ruchir Kaul

Carbon pricing has become a central pillar of modern climate policy, with carbon taxes and emissions trading systems (ETS) serving as the two dominant approaches. Although economic theory suggests these instruments are equivalent under…

General Economics · Economics 2025-10-21 Stéphane Crépey , Samuel Drapeau , Mekonnen Tadese

The European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), the world's first and largest cap-and-trade carbon market, is a cornerstone of EU climate policy. This study provides a comprehensive empirical analysis of the EU carbon market's…

Applications · Statistics 2026-04-21 Avirup Chakraborty

We investigate the economic and environmental impacts of the European Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) using a multi-country, multi-sector general equilibrium model with input-output linkages. We quantify the general equilibrium…

General Economics · Economics 2026-04-14 Noemi Walczak , Kenan Huremović , Armando Rungi

The results based on the nonparametric nearest neighbor matching suggest a statistically significant positive effect of the EU ETS on the economic performance of the regulated firms during Phase I of the EU ETS. A year-by-year analysis…

General Economics · Economics 2021-08-17 Nitish Gupta , Ruchir Kaul , Satwik Gupta , Jay Shah

There is much disagreement concerning how best to control global carbon emissions. We explore quantitatively how different control schemes affect the collective emission dynamics of a population of emitting entities. We uncover a complex…

Physics and Society · Physics 2011-07-12 Zhenyuan Zhao , Dan Fenn , Pak Ming Hui , Neil F. Johnson

The European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) is a key policy tool for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and advancing toward a net-zero economy. Under this scheme, tradeable carbon credits, European Union Allowances (EUAs), are…

Applications · Statistics 2025-05-16 Jan Maciejowski , Manuele Leonelli

The European Union is engaged in the fight against climate change. A crucial issue to enforce common environmental guidelines is environmental convergence. States converging in environmental variables are expected to be able to jointly…

General Economics · Economics 2024-02-09 María José Presno , Manuel Landajo , Paula Fernández González

To address the dual environmental challenges of pollution and climate change, China has established multiple environmental markets, including pollution emissions trading, carbon emissions trading, energy-use rights trading, and green…

General Economics · Economics 2025-10-01 Tiantian Yang , Richard S. J. Tol

We introduce a model for the evolution of emissions and the price of emissions allowances in a carbon market such as the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). The model accounts for multiple trading periods, or phases, with…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2020-08-21 Chassagneux Jean-Francois , Chotai Hinesh , Crisan Dan

The European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) is a cornerstone of the EU's strategy to fight climate change and an important device for plummeting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in an economically efficient manner. The power industry…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2021-05-03 Arega Getaneh Abate , Rossana Riccardi , Carlos Ruiz

Although goal-setting theory predicts that a challenging and specific goal can improve performance, the evidence regarding the effectiveness of an environmental goal in organizations is mixed. Using a panel data set consisting over 700…

Applications · Statistics 2025-08-11 Xichen Sun , Xingzhi Jia , Rogelio Oliva

Using a firm-level dataset from the Spanish Technological Innovation Panel (2003-2016), this study explores the characteristics of environmentally innovative firms and quantifies the effects of pursuing different types of environmental…

General Economics · Economics 2023-10-13 Gianluca Biggi , Andrea Mina , Federico Tamagni

The European Union Emissions Trading System is set to substantially increase the effective carbon price faced by airlines. To quantify the impact of this carbon regulation on the European airline industry, we estimate a two-stage model of…

General Economics · Economics 2026-03-31 Ertian Chen , Lichao Chen , Lars Nesheim

We develop a financial market model in which a large population of firms chooses dynamic emission strategies under climate transition risk, interacting with both environmentally concerned and neutral investors. Firms face a trade-off…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-02-24 Pierre Lavigne , Peter Tankov

We investigate the effectiveness of low-carbon expenditures from the European Structural and Investment Funds in reducing greenhouse gas emissions across EU regions. Using trend and cycle decomposition of per capita emissions and emissions…

General Economics · Economics 2025-10-15 Marco Dueñas , Antoine Mandel

The most serious threat to ecosystems is the global climate change fueled by the uncontrolled increase in carbon emissions. In this project, we use mean field control and mean field game models to analyze and inform the decisions of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-07-06 Rene Carmona , Gokce Dayanikli , Mathieu Lauriere

We use an evolutionary game model to study the interplay between corporate environmental compliance and enforcement promoted by the policy maker in a country facing a pollution trap, i.e., a scenario in which the vast majority of firms do…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-02-27 Gabriel Meyer Salomão , André Barreira da Silva Rocha
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